*. ft ?: •
|
'* " ... " " :: |
|
|
■ . |
•
1
* MA
I
%
or
i.
31
6*1
* J J:
■
.
\
|
■ 1 |
;
. .• v
.
y.
IGiSl
Return to LIBRARY OF MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY
WOODS HOLE, MASS.
Loaned by American Museum of Natural History
PROCEEDINGS
nv th;i
ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES
or
PHILADELPHIA
1864.
PHILADELPHIA:
P R IN T K I) FOR THE ACAD K M T
1864.
A 5
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS,
With reference to the several Articles contributed by each.
Canby, W. M. Notes of Botanical Visits to the lower part of Delaware
and the Eastern Shore of Maryland 16
Cassin, J. Notes of an examination of the Birds of the Group Coerebinae, 265
Fasti Ornithologiae. Part 1 234
Notes on some species of Birds from South America 286
Cooper, J. G. On a new Cormorant from the Farralone Islands, Cal 258
Conrad, T. A. Notes on Shells, with Descriptions of new fossil Genera
and Species 211
Cope, E. D. Contributions to the Herpetology of Tropical America 166
On the Limits and Relations of the Raniformes 181
On a Blind Silurid from Pennsylvania 231
On the Characters of the higher groups of Reptilia Squamata, and es- pecially of the Diploglossa 224
Partial Catalogue of the Cold-blooded Vertebrata of Michigan 276
Coues, E. The Crania of Colymbus torquatus and C. Adamsii compared, 21
A Critical Review of the Family Procellaridae. Part 1 72
Part II 116
Elliot, D. G. Remarks upon a Proposed Arrangement of the Family of
Grouse, and New Genera added 23
Ennis, J. Additions to the Catalogue of Stars which have changed their
Colors 51
On the Influence of the Earth's Atmosphere on the Color of Stars 161
Grill, Theo. Notes on the Nomenclature of Genera and Species of Eche-
neidoidse 59
Description of a new Labroid Genus allied to Trochocopus 57
Critical remarks on the Genera Sebastes and Sebastodes 145
IV. LIST OP CONTRIBUTORS.
Second Contribution to the Selachology of California ,... 147
Synopsis of the Pleuronectoids of the eastern coast of North America... 214
Synopsis of the Cyclopteroids of eastern North America 189
Notes on the Paralepidoids and Microstomatoids, and on some peculiari- ties of Arctic Ichthyology 187
Synopsis of the Pleuronectoids of California and North-western America, 194
Descriptions of new generic types of Pleuronectoids 198
On the affinities of several doubtful British Fishes 199
Notes on the Family of Stichseoids 208
De?criptions of new genera and species of Eastern American Pleuro- nectoids 220
Helmuth, C. A., M.D. New species of Mordellestina collected in Illinois, 105
Lawrence, G. N. Descriptions of New Species of Birds of the Families
Coerebidse, Tanagridse, Icteridse and Scolopacidae 106
Lea, I. Description of a new Genus of the Family Melanidse 2
Description of eleven new species of Indigenous Melanidse 3
Description of Planorbis Newberryi 5
Descriptions of six new species of Unionidse from Lake Nyassa, Central
Africa 108
Descriptions of six new species of Succinea 109
Descriptions of thirteen new species of Melanidse Ill
Description of a new species of Pbnorbis Ill
Descriptions of five new species of Lymnsea 113
Descriptions of two new species of Unionidse from South Africa 113
Descriptions of twenty-four new species of Physa of the United State's
and Canada 114
New Unionidse, Melanidse, &c, chiefly from the United States 145
Descriptions of six new Western Asiatic Unionidse 285
March, W. T. Notes on the Birds of Jamaica. Part III 62
Stiinpson, Dr. Win. Descriptions of new marine Invertebrata from Pu-
get's Sound 153
Tryon, Geo. W., Jr. Synonymy of the species of Strepomatidae. Part 2, 24 Part 3 92
Wincbell, Alex. Description of a Gar-Pike, supposed to be new 183
Wood, Dr. H. C. Descriptions of new species of North American Poly-
desinidse 6
Descriptions of new species of North American Iulidae 10
Description of new Genera and Species of North American Mvriapoda.. 186
PROCEEDINGS
OP THE
ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES
OF PHILADELPHIA. 1864.
January 5th. Vice-President Vaux in the Chair.
Twenty members present.
A letter was read from Thomas B. Wilson, M. D., Newark, Del., January 1, 1864, acknowledging his election as President of the Academy.
The following was presented for publication : " The Crania of Colym- bus torquatus and C. Adamsii compared." By Elliott Coues, M. D,
January 12th. Vice-President Vaux in the Chair.
Thirty members present.
The following were presented for publication :
" Description of a New Genus of the Family Melanidse." " Descrip- tion of Eleven New Species of Melanidae," and " Description of Plan- orbis Newberryi." By Isaac Lea.
" Thoughts on the Influence of Ether in the Solar System/' etc. By Alexander Wilcocks, M. D.
" Descriptions of New Polydesmidae," and " Descriptions of New Iulidffi." By Dr. H. C. Wood, Jr.
On leave granted, Mr. Cassin presented the following preamble and resolutions, which were unanimously adopted : —
Whereas, our eminent and highly-esteemed associate and President, Isaac Lea, LL. D., having declined being a candidate for re-election to the position of chief officer of this Academy, has retired there- from : —
Resolved, That the Academy does hereby express its most grateful 1864.] 1
•5 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP
sense of the entire faithfulness, impartiality, and eminent ability with which Dr. Lea performed the duties of President during the length- ened term of his incumbency.
Resolved, That the thanks of this Academy be hereby tendered to Dr. Lea for his most valuable and important services in the capacity of President, and for his many other judicious and liberal favors and continued and successful exertions for the benefit of this Academy and for the advancement of the interests of Science in the United States.
January \%th. Vice-President Vaux in the Chair.
Eighteen members present.
The following was presented for publication : — " Notes of Botanical Visits to the lower part of Delaware and the Eastern Shore of Mary- land." By Win. M. Canby.
January 2Qth.
Arice-President Bridges in the Chair.
Twenty-one members present.
On report of the respective committees, the following were ordered to be published : —
Description of a new Genus of the Family MELANIDiE. BY ISAAC LEA.
Genus MESESCHIZA.*
Testa fusiformis, imperforata. Apertura rhomboidea, inferne canaliculata. Labrum expansum, in medio excisum. Columella laevis, incurvata. Oper- culum corneum ad spiram pertinens.
When I described the genus Trypanostoma,f I mentioned the importance of eliminating as many species as possible from the enormously-extended genus Melanin. The little shell which I now propose as a new genus has so distinct a character in the incision of the middle of the outer lip, as to mark perfectly its place in the Melanidse of the United States. It differs entirely in the cha- racter of the cut from that in Sckizostorua, which has, in all the many species I have seen, a more or less deep incision immediately under the suture. The living soft parts have not yet been observed. They may, when examined, prove to have some characteristics quite different from Schizostoma.
Meseschiza Grosvenorii. — Testa laevi, fusiformi, tenui, obtuse conica, vel ipurpureA vel vittata ; spira obtuse conica ; suturis leviter impressis ; anfracti- bus instar septenis, vix convixis ; apertura, magna, rhomboidea, intus plerum- que vittatd ; labro acuto, in medio leviter exciso ; columella parum iucrassata et contortft.
* Mw», cx'&i central fissure. f Journal ot the Academy of Natural Sciences, vol. v. p. 268, and " Obser- vations," vol. ix. p. 90.
[Jan.
! NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 3
Operculum ovate, light-brown, rather thin, having several volutions, and with the polar point well removed from the left margin.
II ib. — Wabash River, Indiana, H. C. Grosvenor.
Remarks. — I have thirtejn specimens of this remarkable shell. Eight of them have a well-defined though delicate notch on the edge at or near to the peri- phery of the last whorl. Five of the specimens hava no notch, which pro- bably arises in four of them from not being full grown, and in one from having the thin, delicate edge broken off. In all the specimens there is a light line under the sutures, and some have six or seven brown bands, which are dis- tinctly seen on the inside. The channel at the base is small but well defined. In outline, this species reminds oae of GoniobasU Vauxiana (nobis) and Mela- nin (Goniobasis) germana, Anth. It is a thinner shell than either, and the notch in the lip removes it from that genus. The aperture is about one-half the length of the shell. I have great pleasure in uaming this species after Mr. Grosvenor, to whom I am greatly indebted for miny of our Western Mollusca.
Descriptions of eleven new Species of Indigenous MELANIDJE.
BY ISAAC LEA.
Goniobasis Emeryhnsis.* — Testa, plicata, subfusiformi, subtenui, tenebroso- oliva,. evittatj, ; spira, obtuse conoidea ; suturis irregulariter impresses; an- fraciibus instar senis, planula-tis, superne plicatis ; apertura. grandiuscuhi, subovata, intus cseruleo-alba; labro acuto, leviter sinuoso ; columella inferne parum incrassn.ta, et contorta.
Operculum ovate, dark- brown, with polar point near to the base.
Hab.— Rocky Creek, head branch of Emery Run, E. Tennessee, Major S. S. Lyon, U. S. E.
Goniobasis umbonata. — Testa nodulata, subfusiformi, subcrassa, obsolete vittata, tenebroso-oliva ; spira valde obtu=>a ; suturis valde impressis ; an- fractibus irregulariter umbonatis, subsuturis tumidis, ultimo pergrandi ; aper- tura pergrandi, subelliptica ; labro acuto, leviter sinuoso ; columella superne iucrassata, inferne subsinuosa.
Hab. — Smith's Shoals, Cumberland River, E. Tennessee, Major S. S. Lyon U. S. E.
Remarks. — This is the fourth species of a natural group which I have de- scribed, and which have a large ear-shaped aperture, — viz.: Melania [Gonio- basis) basalis, Midas, gibberosa and now umbonata. If they be not entitled to a generic place, they may at least be considered a subgenus, for which I propose the name of Eurycxlon, from Kugoc, amplus, and Kctxcv, cavilas, — the aperture being larger than in the Melanidse generally. All the species of Eurycie- lon have a callus on the columella above, but not below, as in Lithasia, and the base is more or less angular, which is not the case with Anculosa. Those which we have considered as varieties of Anculosa preerosa, Say, which have an angular base, properly belong, I think, to Eurycxlon as well also Anthonyi, Redfield, turbinata, and tintinnabulum (nobis), and some others. When the
* In my paper on New Melanidse. of the United States, published in the Proceedings of the Academy, in 1S61, and more at large in the Journal, vol. v. and in my Observations, vol. ix. I used the names of blanda and Vanuxe.mii for two new Goniobasi. Haviug used both names before as Metanise, which now come under the genus Goniobasis, I propose to change blanda into versa and Vanuxemii into Presloniana, the former, Vanuxemii, having been found at Col. Pres- ton's salt works in Western Virginia.
Mr. Raeve having published in his "Conchologia Iconica" Melania (Goniobasis) Canbyi (nobis) under the name of •' Etowaliensis, Lea." prior to my publication of it. the name of Etowahensit must be retained for that species. I therefore transfer the name of Canbyi to the speeits which i subsequently published as Etowahensis in the Jour. Acad. Nat. Sfci., vol. v. and" Observations " vol. ix. pi. 37, fig. 133.
1834.]
4 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP
soft parts of the four species mentioned first shall be examined, they will, I think, be found to differ from Goniobasis, Trypanosoma and Lithasia, to which genera they seem nearest allied. The operculum of the only one I have seen, ffibberosa, — is the same as Goniobasis and the Melanidse generally.
Goniobasis Albanyensis. — Testa granulata, conicS,, subtenui, luteo-olivacea ; epira subelevata ; suturis irregulariter impressis ; anfractibus instar senis, planulatis, superne iuterdum plicatis, inferne striatis ; apertura, grandiuscula, ovata, intus albida ; labro acuto, vix siuuoso ; columella aliquantd inflecta et contorta,.
Operculum subrotund, light-brown, very thin, polar point on the left, near the middle.
Hab. — Near Albany and Blue Springs, Baker County, Georgia, Rev. G. White.
Goniobasis yiiudostriatis. — Testa virido-striata, fusiformi, subtenui, luteo- olivacea, ; spira, obtuso-conica, ; suturis irregulariter impressis ; anfractibus instar quinis, convexiusculis, superne granulatis, inferne striatis ; apertura parviuscula, ovata, intus vittata ; labro acuto, vix sinuoso; columella aliquantd inflecta et contortd.
Operculum subrotund, very small, very thin, light-brown, with the polar point on the left near the middle.
Hab. — Flint River, Georgia, Bishop Elliott and Mr. Gesner.
Trypanostoma subrobpstum. — Testa laevi, pyramidata,, tenebroso-cornea, crassa ; spirit pyramidata, elevata ; suturis impressis ; anfractibus instar no- venis, planulatis; apertura, parva, rhomboidea; labro acuto, valde sinuoso; columella incrassata et valde contorta.
Operculum ovate, dark-brown, with polar point near the base of the left side.
Hab. — Holston River at Knoxville, E. Tennessee, Major S. S. Lyon, U. S. E.
Trypanostoma Roanense. — Testa, laevi, obtuso-conica, crassa, vittata vel evittata ; spira obtusa ; suturis impressis ; anfractibus planulatis, subsuturis tumidis ; apertura parviuscula, rhomboidea ; labro acuto, sinuoso ; columella albida, incrassata et valde contorta.
Hab. — Roane County, E. Tennessee, Major S. S. Lyon, U. S. E.
Trypanostoma Lesleyi. — Testa tuberculata, pyramidata, tenebroso-corne& ; spira, elevata ; suturis irregulariter impressis ; anfractibus instar octonis, sub- impressis ; apertura parviuscula, rhomboidea, intus albida, interdum vittata; labro acuto, valde sinuoso ; columella incrassata.
Operculum ovate, dark-brown, rather thin, with the polar point near the base.
Hab. — East Tennessee, Prof. Troost. Smith's Shoals, Cumberland River, E. Tennessee, Major S. S. Lyon, U. S. E. ; and Pulaski Co., Kentucky, Joseph Lesley, C. E.
Trypanostoma affine. — Testa, canaliculate, pyramidata, cornea; epira valde elevata ; suturis irregulariter impressis ; anfractibus instar novenis, canaliculars, supra, planulatis ; apertura rhomboidea, intus albida vel vit- tata, ; labro acuto, sigmoideo ; columella incrassata et valde contorta.
Hab. — Smith's Shoals, Cumberland River, E. Tennessee, Major S. S. Lyon, U. S. E.
Trypanostoma cylixdraceom. — Testa, laevi, cylindracea, subcrassa, vittata vel evittata ; spira subelevata ; suturis irregulariter impressis ; anfractibus planulatis, leviter impressis, subsuturis tumidis ; apertura, parviuscula, rhom- boidea ; labro acuto, aliquantd sinuoso; columella incrassata, incurvata, et contorta.
Hab. — Roane County, E. Tennessee, Major S. S. Lyon, U. S. E.
Trypanostoma carinatom. — Testa carinata,, acuto-conica, rufo corned, tenui
[Jan.
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 5
diapbana ; spira acuto-conica, mucronata. ; suturis valde impressis ; anfracti- bus instar novenis, carinatis, superne striatis; apertura. parviuscula, rhoni- boidea, ; labro acuto, sinuoso ; columella aliquanto incrassata et contorta.
Hub.— Bull Run, tributary to Clinch River, E. Tennessee, Major S. S. Lyon, U. S. E.
Strephobasis Lyonii. — Testa l&3vi, subcylindracea,, crassa, tenebroso-cornea vel oliva, raro vittata; spira obtuso-couica; suturis impressis; anf'ractibus octonis, convexiusculis ; apertura subconstricta, rhomboidea, intus albida, raro vittata j labro acuto, aliquanto sinuoso; columella interne incrassata, ad basim canaliculata, et retrorsa.
Hab. — Holston River at Knoxville, E. Tennessee, Major S. S. Lyon, U. S. E.
Description of and Bemarks on PLANORBIS NEWBERRYI. BY ISAAC LEA.
Planorbis Newberryi. — Testa pallido-cornea; depresso-turrita, minutissime striata, superne et inferne acuto-carinatu,, late et profundite umbilicata, ; an- fractibus quiuis, superne planulatis ; apertura magna, pallido-cornea, sub- triangulari.
Shell pale horn-color, slightly turrited, very finely striate, sharply carinate above and below, widely and deeply umbilicate, whorls five, flattened above ; aperture large, pale horn-color and subtriangular.
Planorbis Newberryi, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1858, p. 41.
Hab. — Klamath Lake and Canoe Creek, California, J. S. Newberry, M. D.
My cabinet and cabinets of Smithsonian Institution and Dr. Newberry. Diam. *55, Length -42 of an inch.
Remarks. — This is a very remarkable shell, and I have placed it among the Planorbes until the soft parts may be observed in a living state ; they may be found to differ from the true Planorbes* Some specimens preserved in alco- hol have been carefully examined, but the parts are so rigid that it could not be satisfactorily done. The tentacula do not, however, seem to be so long as is usual in the Planorbes. The epidermis is very thin on the upper part of the whorls, and the striae there are backwards in curves, and on the lower part slightly forwards. The upper carina forms an acute angle, the edge being cord like ; the lower one is still more acute. In most of the specimens there are two obscure carinations on the whorls between the acute ones. The um- bilical region is very remarkable, the perforation extending to the apex of the slightly elevated spire, the apex itself being frequently wanting, owing to corrosion occasioned by the attacks of some small enemy eating into the sub- stance of the hard part. The upper angle of the whorls is elevated slightly above the plane of the whorls, thus forming a Babylonic appearance. This gives the shell the appearance of some forms of the Trochi.
This very curious and interesting species is among the MoHusca brought by J. S. Newberry, M. D., attached to the Pacific Railroad Survey under the com- mand of Lieut. R. S.Williamson, U. S. A., and I have great pleasure in dedicat- ing it to Dr. Newberry, who has done so much to elucidate the Natural History of California and Oregon, when on these expeditions so creditable to the Government.
* Provisionally it may be called Megasystropha, from Mtya, magnus, and <rut£op>i, vortex, — the umbilicus being large and vortex like.
1864.]
6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF
Descriptions of New Species of NORTH AMERICAN POLYDESMID.E. BY DR. H. C. WOOD, JR. Genus POLYDESMUS. Subgenus FONTARIA.
P. TRIMACULATDS.
P. saturate rubro-brnnneus ; scutis postice fulvo trimaculatis, corrugatis ; antennis ultirais pilosis; pedibus dilute fulvis ; appendicibus genitalibus mas- culis niaximis, crassibus, ultimis obtuse rotuudatis, spina terruinali gracilliraa, enormiter convoluta.
The color of tbis species is a dark reddish brown. Each scutum has on the posterior portion of its lateral lamina a bright yellow or orange spot, and a blotch of the same tint on the median portion of its posterior border. Occa- sionally this is so prolonged as almost to give the idea of a continuous trans- verse band. The first scutum has two central markings, situated the one on its anterior, and the other on its posterior border. These are so shaped and joined together as to suggest the idea of an hour-glass. The anal scutum is triangular and somewhat elongate. It is yellow, but has a dark spot on each side, and its truncate apex is tipped with brown. The head is chestnut brown. Its vertex is deeply canaliculate, and its inferior lip distinctly emarginate, and fringed with hairs. The antennae are light brown, slender, and not at all cla- vate. The feet are light yellow, with their distal portion somewhat pilose and occasionally tipped with brown. The male genital appendages are very large and robust. Their terminal spine is simple, long, slender, and irregularly bent upon itself. They are also furnished with a small nearly straight spinule, placed proximally as to the terminal. The female genitals are very short, thick and bulbous. On one side of each there is an opening, with two pro- jecting plates separated from one another by a linear orifice. I have seen a male and female, which were collected by Mr. E. D. Cope in Susquehanna Co., Pennsylvania. They are about two inches long.
P. CORRUGATUS.
P. atro-castaneus, scutis fulvo postice marginatis ; laminis lateralibus fulvis, latissimis, angulis anticis rotundatis, posticis modice acutis : scuto anale tri- angulare, elongato, postico fulvo, apice truncato; appendicibus genitalibus masculis maxirnis, spinulo laterale robusto subbreve vix curvato armatis ; spina terminale maxima, robusta, compressa, tortuosa, spinulo basale armata.
The color of the perfect animal is a chestnut black, rarely reddish chestnut, with a moderately broad margin of fulvous [in alcoholic specimens] on each scutum. This band may be red during life. The scuta; beautifully po- lished to the naked eye, the microscope shows to be obsoletely wrinkled. Very many of these wrinkles are longitudinal. The head is of the same color as the body ; medianly it is distinctly sulcate ; inferiorly it is broadly and rather deeply emarginate. The scutal side plates are fulvous above and be- low. Their anterior angles are rounded, their posterior more or less acute, and in the hinder ones prolonged. The under surface of the body is of a light yellow. The male genital appendages are very large and robust. They have a short, slightly crooked spinule attached and lying close to their side. The terminal spine is irregularly spiral, and has near its base a curved spinule. At the point of its origin is a tuft of bristly hairs. Each female genital appen- dage is chiefly composed of a short, almost globular, process, in one side of which there exists a large opening. This process is scarcely at all pilose. Through the side opening projects a pair of large, thick plates, fitting together somewhat in the manner of bivalve shells. These nearly equal in height the main process. The spine on the second joint of the feet is robust, but acute. The whole animal is about one and a half inches in length.
[Jan.
NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 7
Hab. — Michigan ; Prof. Miles. Trenton Falls, New York ; Mu3. Comp. Zoology, D. Mack.
P. BIPIDDS.
P. rubro castaneus, segmentis et antice et postice late fulvo-marginatis, la- minis lateralibus dilute fulvis ; scuto anale triangulare, apice truncato et de- curvato ; appendicibus genitalibus masculis elongatis, pilosis ; spina terminale gracillima, proxima cylindracea, ultima bifida et noanihil abrupte curvata, spinulo basale gracillimo parvo armata.
All of my specimens have been preserved for a length of time in alcohol, so that the description of color is not as accurate as it should be. The anterior aspect of the head is much lighter than the vertex, which is mediauly strongly canaliculate. The antennae are dilute fulvous, are rather longer than in P. virginiemis, and are distally, sparsely and shortly pilose. The spicules on the distal ends of the first and second joints of the long and slender feet are robust, but are often obsolete anteriorly. The terminal scutum has several punctae closely resembling pores. The preanal scale is triangular; it has two little elevations surmounted by a punctum. The male genital appendages are elongate. Their terminal spine is very slender and cylindrical in its prox- imal portion ; distally it is bifid and strongly curved. It is ornated with a very slender curved basal spinule.
Hab. — Georgia; Museum of Comp. Zoology, Dr. LeConte. Texas; Collection of Smithsonian, G. Wurdeman.
P. CRASSICUTIS.
P. maximus, robustus; scutis enormiter subrude punctatis; appendicibus genitalibus masculis, singula spinis quatuor armata ; duobus magnis, parvis duobus.
The color of all the specimens is light testaceous ; with, in many, a dark dor- sal line. It is very possible that the alcohol, in which they have been long preserved, may have destroyed the original color. The animal is very large and robust, and has its outer armor and side plates very heavy. The head on its upper surface has a distinct median furrow, and on its lower a broadly lineal, oblique depression on each side. The inferior margin is rather broadly and deeply emarginate. The lateral lamina are rather short. The female genital appendages are a pair of small, pyramidal, pilose bodies, whose apices are split into three or four very minute mameloid processes. The male organs are large, and distally very hairy. They are each armed with two large and two small spines. The longer and' more slender of the former at its proximal portion is bent rather abruptly at right angles to itself, but i3 nearly straight afterwards. The more robust is pretty straight, save at its dis- tal extremity, where it is abruptly bent at right angles to itself. It is armed with several very slender spinules, and has one edge distantly and obsoletely denticulate. Of the smaller spines, one is short and blunt ; the other much longer, sharp, slender and falciform. The last scutum is triangular, and has its apex truncate and very slightly decurvate. The preanal scale is semi- orbicular.
Length, 2 to 3 inches.
Hab. — Mississippi. Museum of Smithsonian.
Subgenus POLYDESMUS.
P. HISPIDIPES.
P. saturate olivaceo-brunneus, immaculatus; dorso nonnihil convexo ; scuto anale triangulare longe pilose, apice truncato et decurvato ; pedibus hispidis ; appendicibus masculis genitalibus brevibus, robustis, spina terminale modica, ultima abrupte curvata, dense pilosa.
The color is darker than in P. erythropygus. The side plates are rather
1864.]
8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF
short, with their edges ranch thickened. The head has its vertex strongly canaliculate. Its anterior face is marked with two small punctiform impres- sions. The lower border is not very strongly emarginate, and is set with a fringe of short thick hairs. The antennae are mostly dark colored, scarcely at all clavate and coarsely pubescent. The feet are rough, with closely set, stiff hairs. The anal scutum is prolonged posteriorly, so as to come almost to a blunt point. The genital appendages in the male are short and thick. Their terminal spine is slightly curved at its base, thence is nearly straight, save at its distal extremity, where it is abruptly curved, becoming nearly horizontal. It is beset with very numerous long hairs. We have examined them in eighteen spe- cimens, and found them to agree perfectly. The female genital appendages consist of a pair of short, conoidal, very pilose processes, which have an opening along their inner edge.
Length one inch and an eighth.
JIab.— Illinois. Smithsonian Coll. R. Kennicott.
Var. ? P. laete castaneus, fulvo vel rubro macnlatus, linea nigra dorsali or- natus; lamiuis lateralibus marginibus rubris vel fulvis. _ _ _
This is possibly a distinct species, but as I have seen but a very few indivi- duals, and the male genital appendages do not differ from those of P. hispidipes, I prefer not risking a synonym. Whether the spots are yellowish or red in the living animal, the length of time our individuals have been preserved in alcohol precludes me from deciding.
The spots are sometimes arranged regularly — two large ones on each side ot the mesial line, and a row of small ones on the posterior border.
JIab. — Illinois. Smithsonian Coll. R. Kennicott.
Subgenus STENONIA.
P. CERASINUS.
P. dilute cerasinus ; dorso complanato ; antennis modicis pubescentibus, nonnihil clavatis, nonnihil brevibus; scutis squamis obsoletis ornatis, margin- ibus lateralibus serratis ; appendici genitali masculas spina terminale lata, oblique truncata, utrinque processu longo setaceo curvato instructa.
The head has the median furrow on its vertex illy pronounced. The ante- rior face is sparsely pilose, and has its lower margin broadly but shallowly emarginate. The scuta have a double row of scales, obsolete but otherwise similar to those of the following species. Sometimes these are entirely lost. The lateral margins of the side plates are rounded slightly and minutely serru- late. They seldom have more than three serratures on each side. The ter- minal scutum is triangular, with its obtuse apex bent downwards. It is sparsely pilose. The legs are quite hairy, and light colored. Their second joint is tumid. The genital appendages in the male are peculiar. The termi- nal spines are broad and short, and superiorly very obliquely truncated, with two small hamular processes. On each side a long, seta-like process springs from the base. The outer, much the longer of the two, throws an arch entire- ly over the short spines. The inner is straighter. They both have one or two thorn-like excrescences.
//a6. — Oregon. Museum of Smithsonian Institution.
Subgenus STRONGYLOSOMA.
P. ERUCA.
P. brunneus ? robustus ; antennis brevibus, pilosis, baud clavatis ; scutis subrude punctatis ; pedibus parvis, gracillibus, modice hirsutis.
Judging from our badly preserved alcoholic specimens, the color of this spe- cies is reddish brown, with the side plates a lighter color. The body is very robust The head has a median furrow on its vertex, and its lower border emarginate. The side plates have but the posterior angles, which are acute.
[Jan.
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 9
The scuta appear to have a narrow edging of black posteriorly. The terminal scutum is subtriangular, very prolonged and very thick posteriorly. We have never had an opportunity of examining the male genital organs. Ihose of the female are very pilose, and are formed of two portions. They are contracted at their bases, and expanded above, somewhat as a reversed flattened cone. The basal piece is thicker, and less hairy than the other. The distal piece is set into it, and has along the free extremity an opeuing. Hab. — Oregon. Museum of the Smithsonian.
Subgenus LEPTODESMUS.
P. PLACIDUS.
P. olivaceo-brunneus, scutis plerumque nigro vittatis ; laminis lateralibus parvis, dilute brunneis ; pedibus saturate olivaceis ; sternis dilute brunneis ; appendicibus genitalibus masculis, valde elongatis ; spiua terminale magna, in spiram ducta et spinulo basali longissimo falciforme et altero laterale breve robusto instructa, margine partim acute serrato, partim integro.
The head is dark colored. Besides its median furrow, it is also ornamented with a pair of sometimes illy pronounced punctae on each side of the ver- tex. Its inferior border is rather broadly emarginate. The antennae are elongate, dark brown, and tipped with black. The anal scutum agrees with the others in color. It is triangular, with its apex truncate, obscurely emar- ginate and decurvate. The male genital appendages are strikingly elongate. The terminal spine is nearly black. It is bent spirafly on itself, but after per- forming a little more than an entire turn is nearly horizontal for some length. It is flattened, with its superior surface somewhat umbonate. It ends in a thick, blunt, spine-like process. The proximal portion of the anterior margin is acutely serrate. From the edge projects a short thorn-like spinule, and from the base a long, slender falciform spine.
Length, one and a quarter inches.
Hab. — Michigan. Prof. Miles.
P. floridus, var. ?
P. atro-castaneus ; scutisj>ostice rubro-aurantiaco marginatis ; laminis later- alibus parvis, laete rubro-aurantiacis ; appendicibus genitalibus, masculis P. placidi illis similibus.
The head is lighter colored than the body. It is medianly canaliculate, with a pair of punctations on each side of its vertex. Its inferior border is broadly emarginate. The antennae are rather long and slender, very slightly clavate, light brown, and distally tipped with black. The scuta are smooth, beautifully polished, and not corrugate. The side plates are distant, quite small, and nearly horizontal. Their anterior angles are rounded. The anal scutum is prolonged, and is sometimes wholly, sometimes partially orange. It is triangular, with its apex truncate and slightly emarginate, and its sides curved. It projects posteriorly, and is bent downwards. The feet are cylin- drical, yellow, and somewhat pilose. The male genital appendages resemble those of P. placidus, except in color. They are yellowish. Those of the female consist of a pair of short, blunt processes. Each of these has a basal portion into which is set a short somewhat flattened body, with an obscure linear opening traversing its distai surface. From the junction of these two parts springs a heavy fringe of long, coarse hair. P. floridus is very possibly a distinct spe- cies from F. placidus. I have seen but a single individual of the latter. The general appearance of the two is so dissimilar, as to incline me to the be- lief of their distinctness. But they agree well as to their genitalia, and a suite of specimens might show their identity.
Length one and a quarter inches.
Hab. — Michigan. Prof. Miles.
1864.]
10 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF
P. HAYDENIANUS.
P. olivaceo-castaneus ; antennis modicis, sparse pilosis, ultimis nigris ; lami- nis lateralibus luteis ; appendicibus genitalibus masculis hirsutis et processu lato breve et spinis duobus armatis ; spina terminale modice robusta, valde curvata.
Judging from an alcholic specimen, the color of this animal is an olive chest- nut, with the fide plates yellowish, and the posterior portions of the scuta much lighter than the anterior. The head is bright chestnut, and is orna- mented with a median furrow on its vertex, and a pair of impressed dots on each side of its face. Its inferior border is medianly moderately emarginate. The margins of the side plates are somewhat thickened. The anal scutum is yel- lowish, small, subtriangular, and distinctly emarginate posteriorly. The feet are very slender, and are shortly pilose. The femora of the hinder ones are armed with a small spine on their distal extremity. The male genital append- ages are small, and are hairy at the base. They are armed with a broad, ob- tuse, spinous process, and a slender curved spine besides the terminal. The latter is robust, and is bent with a double curve, that is anteriorly and lateral- ly. I have dedicated this species to my friend, Dr. Hayden, whose name is inseparably connected with the far West. Hub. — Oregon. Museum of the Smithsonian.
Descriptions of New Species of North American ITJLID2E.
BY DR. H. C. WOOD, JR.
Genus IULUS.
I. VENUSTUS.
I. rubro-castaneus, linea dorsale nigra et maculae nigra? seriebus lateralibus (interdum obsoletis) ornatus ; antennis longis, filiformibus, pilosis, baud cla- vatis ; scutorum lateribus canalicnlatis ; segmentis 52 ; mucrone parvo.
The general color of this species is reddish chestnut ; frequently the red predominates so much that the individual is rea^y flesh-colored, but occa- sionally the chestnut overcomes the other tint. The dorsal stripe is generally very distinct, especially on the posterior portion of the scuta. The eyes are triangular, and are connected by a dark band, which is often rather obscure. The anterior cephalic aspect is long and narrow, with its sides converging in- feriorly. Its inferior border is fringed with a double row of short, distant hairs, and is medianly deeply emarginate and 2 — 4 dentate. The scuta are ornamented, rarely with a white blotch on each side of the mesial line, but generally with two lateral black dots. The first scutum in the female has the anterior margin oblique as to the main axis of the body, and is prolonged laterally so as to form processes, mostly canaliculate, with a rounded border. In the male the anterior margin is at right angles to the axis of the body, and the lateral parallel to it, so that there are no processes. The male genital appendages consist of two main portions on each side. The outer and more conspicuous of these is formed of a thin, very irregular plate, from whose base springs a short, clavate, cylindrical, distally pilose process. The inner portion is composed of a long, very slender, almost setiform process, and a shorter straighter one. The former at its base is bent at right angles to itself ; and distally it is somewhat spirally arched over the other.
The female genital appendages consist of two broad, robust, pilose processes, with a pair of very slender, almost filiform, feet like bodies, springing from their conjunction and equalling them in length. The major portion of each appendage is composed of a single plate. This is folded on itself, so as to constitute an irregular, flattened cylinder, which is open at its end, and along
[Jan.
NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 11
the outer edge. It presents on one aspect an unbroken, tolerably regular surface, but on the other is proximally abbreviated. Through the opening thus afforded projects a pair of subcircular, somewhat globose plates, fitting together much as the shells of a bivalve.
Length, 2 inches.
Hab. — Illinois. Smithsonian Institution. R. Kennicott.
In the same collection we have seen a male lulus very closely resembling the former, but differing so much in its genital appendages, that it probably represents a distinct species. The outer of the two parts, forming each geni- tal appendages, consists of a thin, flat, crooked, very irregular process, and a shorter, robust, pilose and strongly clavate one. The former, proximally, is quite broad, and narrows from the base, but distally is but at a right angle to itself, and is rapidly contracted, so as to terminate in a nearly cylin- drical crooked point. The main process of the inner portion is somewhat cylindrical proximally, but is distally expanded. At first bent at a right angle to itself, it next has the swan-neck curve, and is then bent at an acute angle to itself to be straight the remainder of its length. At this augle there is a minute sharp spine. Shielded, as it were, by this process, there is another, very slender and acute.
I. PILOSISCDTA.
T. castaneo-brunneus maculae nigrae (interdum obsoletae) seriebus laterali- bus ornatus ; antennis longe pubescentibus ; capitis margine antico modice emarginato, denticulato ; segmentis 58; mucrone parvissimo ; scutis pilosis singulo punctae sejuncta? serie impresso.
The color of this species is a chestnut brown, sometimes mottled with light brown. The anterior aspect is beautifully but irregularly areolated with the latter color. The antennae are moderately long, and have their dark joints tipped with white. Their is a pair of coarse punctations on the vertex. Each scutum has a series of distinct punctations extending entirely around it ; from these dots proceed little channels, obsolete on the fore-part of the body, but gradually becoming strongly pronounced. The anterior portion of the body is sparsely, but tli^ posterior densely, pilose. The anal scales are very rough. We have never seen a male. Neither can we give a detailed account of the female genital appendages, but one portion of them consists of a pair of short, subcylindrical, rather robust and distally clavate processes.
Hub. — Susquehanna Co., .Pennsylvania. E. D. Cope, Esq.
I. OREGON ENSIS.
I. laete castaneus, albido-brunneo annulatus, etlinea dorsale nigra et maculae nigrae seriebus lateralibus ornatus ; antennis filiformibus, longis, pilosis, sub- clavatis ; capitis margine antico valde emarginato, denticulato ; segmentis 44 — 45 : scutorum lateribus canaliculars ; mucrone parvo, robusto ; squama preanali triangulare.
The color of this elegant species is a bright chestnut, ornamented with. rings of a very light brown and a dorsal black line, as well as a black spot on the side of each scutum. In some individuals there is on the anterior por- tion of the first scutum, a black crescentic blotch, and on the posterior a border of the same tint. The anterior aspect of the vertex is long and nar- row and deeply emarginate interiorly, where it is denticulate and fringed with two rows of distant hairs. The eyes are somewhat elliptical, and are connected by an illy defined black band. The posterior portion of the body is not pubescent. The outer piece of the male genital appendages is rather long, straight and somewhat clavate, and distally pilose. The inner process is large, and is formed of a plate so folded longitudinally as to form a groove on the inner edge. From the base of the genital appendage springs
[Jan.
12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF
a slender process, which soon bifurcates ; the more slender of the division is the longer. They both soon enter the groove, before spoken of, the shorter and more robust being distal as to the other, and emerging from the groove on the other side of the main process, whilst the longer comes out on the side it enters. The female genital appendages are composed of a broad, thin piece, from which arises a pair of filiform, feet-like processes, besides two other very robust ones. These last are sparsely pilose, and about as long as broad. They reach about to the base of the filiform bodies, and have a slit- like orifice in their summit.
Length of body, two and a half inches.
Hab. — Oregon. Smithsonian Museum.
I. IMMACULATUS.
I. saturate rubido-brunneus, baud maculatus ; antennis modice longis, fili- formibus, vix subclavtis, pilosis ; capitis margine antico modice emarginato ; segmentis 48 — 51 : scutis infra canaliculars ; mucrone modico, uucinato, ro- busto, acuto.
The color of all our specimens is a very dark reddish brown, unrelieved by any other tint. On the vertex is a pair of coarse punctations, as in /. Cana- densis. The lateral processes of the first scutum in the female, although small, are somewhat canaliculate. The mucro is certainly smaller than that oil. Canadensis. The male genital appendages are composed of two part?. The outer of these consists of a somewhat clavate and pilose process, with a curiously folded and contorted plate on its inner side. The other portion is formed of a straight process, which has several minute, spine-like bodies on its free extremity, and is proximally suddenly contracted, and then expand somewhat, so as to give an appearance of emargination. From the base of this springs another, almost filamentous process.
The female genital appendages consist of two bodies conjoined at their bases, and blunt at their free extremity. When viewed from one aspect, they appear cylindrical, but from the other, flattened or even concave ; oppo- site to the latter face there is a broad, irregular piece, which has its free extre- mity scolloped.
Hab.— Catskill Mountains, N. Y. Dr. H. C. Wood, Jr.
I. CANALICULARS.
I. brunneus, interdum creruleo tinctus ; antennis filiform ibus, pilosis, non- nihil clavatis ; segmentis 51 ; scutis supra et infra arete canaliculatis, singulo pilorum longorum distantium serie unica instructo ; mucrone longo, recto ; squamis analibus longe pilosis ; squama preanali triangula, acuminata.
The color of this species is a dark brown, with sometimes a bluish tint, and very gradually mottled with light brown. The triangular eyes are connected by an obscure black band. The labial margin is broadly emargiuate, and is furnished with two or three denticules, as well as a double row of distant rigid hairs. The joints of the antennae are tipped with white. The first scu- tum is, in the female, slightly prolonged laterally, where it is rounded off; on its anterior surface there is a dark somewhat crescentic blotch. The anterior of the two subscuta, forming each scutum, is closely and deeply canaliculate through its whole circumference ; it is broader than the posterior, and very slightly elevated, so as to give the body somewhat of a moniliform appear- ance. The ring of hairs surrounding each scutum is frequently imperfect ; it may be from the handling of the specimen. The posterior subscutum is smooth above, and distantly and shallowly canaliculate below. The posteri- or portion of the body is very pilose. I have never seen a male.
Length, one and a half inches.
Hab. — Chester Co., Pennsylvania. Dr. H. C. Wood, Jr.
[Jan.
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 13
I. LAQUEAT0S.
I. brunneus, interdum caeruleo tinctus ; antennis filiformibus, pilosis, nonnihil clavatis ; segmentis 49 ; scutis et supra et infra valde aroteque cana- liculatis ; mucrone loiigo et recto ; squama preanali triangula, vix acuminata.
The color of this species is brown, sometimes bluish, mottled, almost areo- lated, with light brown. The eyes are triangular, and are united by a dark band. The head has its anterior margin broadly emarginate, denticulate and furnished with two rows of distant rigid hairs. The antennae have their prox- imal joints nearly cylindrical, and are light colored, with their articles indis- tinctly tipped with white. The first scutum has rather small lateral processes, and is ornamented on its anterior border with a dark band. The anterior subscutum is deeply and closely canaliculate over the whole of its surface. The anal scales are furnished with a series of long hairs along their valvular margin. The posterior portion is generally adorned with a very few scattered hairs, hut I have never seen it pilose.
Length, three-quarters of an inch.
This species differs from /. canaliculatus in its smaller size — the absence of hairs on the anterior, and their paucity on the posterior portion of the body, and in the mucro being larger in proportion to the rest of the animal. Yet they may possibly prove to be the young of that species.
Hab — Chester Co., Pennsylvania. Dr. H. C. Wood, Jr.
I. Milesii.
I. saturate brunneus ; antennis filiformibus, longis, pilosis, clavatis ; scutis infra arete et valde, supra interdum obsolete, canaliculatis ; segmentis 33 ; mucrone nullo.
The color of this species is a very dark, almost black brown ; but the ante- rior portion of the body, and especially the head, is lighter. The antennae are very pilose, and quite strongly clavate. The eyes are connected together by a black band. The anterior scuta have their lateral surfaces closely and deeply canaliculate, but are almost smooth on their ucper surface. The pos- terior are everywhere deeply channeled, although more so below than above. There are a few hairs on the anal scales. The anal scutum is not mucro- nate. It affords me pleasure to dedicate this species to Prof. Miles, who is laboring so assiduously and successfully to develop the zoology of Michigan.
Hab. — Michigan. Col. State Agricultural College. Prof. Miles.
I. CINEREFROXS.
I. brunneus, cinereo annulatus ; capitis snperficia antica cinerea ; mucrone nullo, squama preanali triangula, haud acuminata.
The color of this species is dark brown. The anterior surface of the head is an obscure gray color, with a dark band inferiorly. There is between the upper and anterior surface of the head a well marked angle, almost an ele- vated ridge. The lower margin is fringed with a few hairs, and is emarginate and armed with a few denticules. The triangular eyes are connected by a distinct, impressed line. On the upper portion of the anterior surface of the head are two round, light dots surrounded by a darker tint. The antennae are wanting in the only specimen, a female, that I have seen, which is so mutilated that I cannot say certainly of how many segments it was composed ; the number, however, was probably either 34 or 45. The first scutum has very small, lateral processes. It is light brown, bordered with a dark band, edged with a grayish tint. The anterior portion of the body is of a lighter shade than the posterior, and has the grayish annuli more distinctly pro- nounced. The anal scutum is not raucronate. The anal 9cales are not pilose
Hab.— -Oregon. Smithsonian Institution.
1864.]
14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP
I. CSRUIiEO-CINCTUS.
I. brunneus, saturate caeruleo annul atus ; segmentis 42 ; antennis parvis ; scutis infra et supra modice canaliculatis ; mucrone nullo.
The color of this species is brown, with a dark, sometimes obsolete ring of blue to each segment, except the most anterior. The lower portion of the anterior surface of the head is light brown. The labial margin is scarcely eniargmate, but is rounded and fringed with rigid hairs. The eyes are ar- ranged in subtriangular patches, with their transverse diameter much the greater. They are connected by a black band, which is much broader in the middle than at the ends. The first scutum is large, with very small lateral processes even iu the female. There is on its anterior edge a very obscure light border, and a little posterior to this a black, more or less obsolete, band. The scuta are regularly, although rather lightly and distantly canaliculate over their whole surface. The last scutum is distinctly but minutely punc- tate, has its edge whitish, and is not at all mucronate. The anal scales are not at all pilose. The specimens from which this description are taken are in so bad a condition that I have hesitated to notice them. But probably the description will be found to be sufficiently accurate for the identification of the species.
Length of body, about one and a half inches.
I. HOETENSIS.
I. brunneus, lateribus maculis nigris ornatis ; antennis modice brevibus, pilosis, filiformibus, clavatis ; segmentis 42; scutis arete canaliculatis et infra et supra ; mucrone nullo ; squama preanali triangula, apice rotundato.
The general color of this species is rather dark brown in the adult. But when an individual is examined with a magnifier, it is seen to be beautifully areolated with light brown. In young specimens and adults, which have re- cently shed their exuviae, the color often verges on white, whilst the side spots are black, contrasting strongly with the general tint. The head is rather broad inferiorly, and has its lower margin shallowly emarginate, and distinctly though minutely denticulate. The triangular eyes are connected by a broad, dark band. The first scutum is ornamented on its anterior por- tion by a dark, transverse band. The lateral processes are almost wanting, even in the female. There is on each side a series of large, black dots, one to a scutum, commencing rather abruptly at about the 5th or 6th segment, and ending in the same way at about the 39th. The subscutum on which they are situated are scarcely canaliculate. The anal scutum is about equal in length to the two preceding it.
Lengih half to 1 inch.
Philadelphia. Dr. H. C. Wood, Jr.
I. VIRGATUS.
I. saturate brunneus, dorso luteolo, medio linea nigra instructo, antennis modice longis, pilosis, clavatis ; segmentis 35 ; scutis copiose distincte canali- culatis ; mucrone subnullo ; squamis analibus sparse pilosis ; squama prea- nali lata, subtriangula, apice rotundato.
The sides of the body are deep brown, almost black, whilst the dorsum ap- proaches a yellowish fawn color, and has a strongly pronounced, black, me- dian line. The lower margin of the head is broadly emarginate, denticulate, and fringed with a series of hairs. The anterior surface is mottled with light brown, and has a dark median band, terminating in a transverse one low down. The under surface of the body is light-colored, and is often somewhat areolated. There are some specimens whose pattern of coloration is light brown or fawn colored, with two lateral and one median dark stripe. Are these, individuals which have recently cast off their exuviae ? The eye-patches are somewhat parabolic. The joints of the antennae are obconical, dark co-
[Jan.
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 15
lored, and tipped with white. The lateral processes are small. The grooving of the scuta is in some specimens somewhat obsolete on the dorsum. The posterior scutum is light colored. I have never identified a male.
Length, h to \ of an inch.
Hub.— Philadelphia. Dr. Joseph Leidy, Dr. H. C. Wood, Jr. Washington, D. C. F. W. Putnam, Coll. Museum Comp. Zoology.
Genus SPIROBOLUS.
S. SPINIGERUS.
S. fulvus, maculis saturate viridis maximis ornatus ; capite minute punc- tato, infra punctorum magnorum serie instructo ; oculis suborbiculatis ; anten- nis longis ; segmentis 48 ; scutis leviter sparse punctatis ; squama preanali triangula.
The color of this species is fulvous, often varying towards orange. On each scutum there is a large dark-green transverse crescentic blotch. This is often so wide superiorly as to involve the whole of the dorsum. In some individuals there are lateral series of white blotches, and occasionally a black line on each side. These are, however, not common. The head has a strongly pronounced median furrow, and is greenish superiorly. The eye spots are somewhat orbicular, with occasionally a tendency to become tetra- or polygonal. The antennae are longer than in S. marginatus. The scuta are not rough, and are very lightly or even obsoletely furrowed be- neath. The spines on the inferior surface of legs are very numerous and acute. The male genital appendages are formed of two main portions joined together, as in 5. marginatus. The large plate of the main process is broad. The upper border of its face has a wavy outline. Externally it is produeed into an alar portion, which ends in a blunt process at right angles to it. The inner piece is composed of a basilar and superior joint. The basilar is very long. The other is curved, and presents on one aspect a strongly convex, on the other a strongly concave surface. It ends in a blunt point, and is armed with a large blunt process and an acute spine. The female genital append- ages appear to consist on each side of a process deeply placed within the body— this is thin on its free margin, which is rounded, though some- what acuminate — below it is contracted and thickened. The three pairs of feet immediately in front of the genital aperture in the male have their coxae produced into long processes. These are often of a curious form, but do not seem constant in this. The fourth and even fifth coxae have small processes.
Ilab. — Florida. South Carolina. Smithsonian Institution.
S. UNCIGERUS.
S. laete brunneus, saturate-rubido-brunneo annulatus ; capite sparse mi- nute punctato et corrugato, antico punctorum maximorum serie instructo ; segmentis 50 — 53 ; scutis supra et copiose punctatis et corrugatis ; squama anale triangu'a.
The color of this species is a bright brown, with an annulus of dark red- dish brown on the posterior border of each segment. The head is distinctly medianly caualiculate, except in the centre, and has the row of dots on its anterior face as in S. marginutus, but is not as decidedly punctate elsewhere as in that species. The eyes are triangular. The antenna? closely resemble those of S. marginatus, but are, perhaps, rather shorter and more compressed. The first scutum is banded, both anteriorly and posteriorly. The lateral pro- cesses, even the female, are almost wanting. The second scutum is produced forwards as in S. marginatus. The male genital appendages are composed of a yoke-like piece and two outer parts, which it connects. The central piece may be described as formed by two plates (although but really one) meeting at
1864]
16 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF
an angle in the centre and attached to the outer parts at their other extremi- ties. These outer articles are formed each as follows : First, There is a large plate which is bent around an inner basal piece, and is deeply notched laterally, but is produced anteriorly into a broad almost rudely punctate plate, and posteriorly into a short, slender process, terminating in an imperfect hook. This last process is sometimes obsolete. Second, Articulating with the inner basal piece, alluded to, there exists a large, strongly-curved, acute hook or claw, whose distal extremity is subcylindrical. The female genital appendages are small, and are composed on each side of a very thin plate and a process about a line in length, irregularly prismatic in shape proximally ; but distally excavated suddenly, so as to be flattened for the remainder of its course. Hah. — California. Smithsonian Institution.
S. ANGDSTICEPS.
S. niger, lateribus brunneo maculatis ; capitis superficie antica angusta, longa, supra nigra, infra albido-brunnea ; antennis ? ; segmentis 75 ;
scutis et infra et supra distincte canaliculars ; squama anali triangula.
The color of this species is black, with a brown band on the sides, in which is a black dot marking the position of the lateral pores. The lower portion of the head is very light-brown, and has its margin rather deeply emarginate. Along the posterior cephalic border is a somewhat crescentic area, which is nearly smooth and is medianly canaliculate, adjoining this the surface suddenly is rudely punctate, but gradually becomes smoother. The eyes are arranged in three transverse rows, the posterior being much the longer. The first scutum is copiously coarsely punctate, and is posteriorly slightly cana- liculate on the dorsum, but distinctly so on the sides. The lateral processes, even in the female, are very small, the second scutum being produced for- wards so as to abut on the head. The posterior subscuta are on the dorsum closely, rather deeply, and more or less obliquely canaliculate, but on the sides less distinctly and more distantly so. The anterior subscuta are very distantly and much more lightly and obliquely canaliculate, and are also more closely channeled below than above. The surface of the anal scutum is irregularly and minutely corrugate. We have seen but one specimen, — a female. The female genital appendages appear to consist of two conoidal bodies coalescing at their bases and united together towards their apices by a broad plate, so placed as to present towards them an inclined surface. Into the base of these pyramidal processes fit other somewhat prismatic bodies, with their thin edge formed of several pieces.
Length A\ inches.
Hab. — San Francisco. Smithsonian Institution. R. D. Cutts.
Notes of Botanical Visits to the Lower Fart of Delaware and the Eastern
Shore of Maryland.
BY WM. M. CANBY.
The peninsula lying between Delaware and Chesapeake Bays has been al- most a terra incognita to botanists ; although, from its geographical position, and from the varied character of the country, embracing great variety of soil, salt and fresh water marshes and rivers, large swamps, and a considerable extent of coast, it might well be supposed to be a fine botanical district.
In this expectation, the writer, (sometimes accompanied by botanical friends,) made.short visits to a few places in the counties of Sussex, in Delaware, and Worcester and Somerset, in Maryland, during the months of September and October last. Taking into account the lateness of the season and the limited
[Jan.
NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 17
extent of country looked over, the result, as shown in the list below, is en- couraging, and leads to the belief that a more extensive exploration would yield further additions to the Northern Flora.
When our knowledge of the botany of this peninsula becomes more perfect, an interesting comparison might be made of its Flora with that of the lower part of Illinois ; the plants of the Southern Mississippi Valley would probably be found creeping up into the latter, as those of the Southern coast, and Pine Barren region, do into the former.
Of a considerable number of rare and interesting plants collected, only those not described in the " Manual " of Prof. Gray are given in the list below, with some observations on rare allied species. One or two, detected in locali- ties not in the district under consideration, are also given.
Desmodium ochkoleucum, M. A. Curtis, in Herb. Gray. {Hedysarum humi-
fusum, Ell. in Herb. Muhl. ): caule procumbente tereti hirsuto elongato ; foliolis
ovatis aliquanto rhomboidiis reticulatis ; stipulis et bractiis ovatis acuminatis
striatis ; tloribus ochroleucis ; lomentorum articulis, (| — £ pollicaribus, )
reticulatis ssepius contortis.
In an open woodland, one mile south of "Public Landing," (on Chingo- teague Bay,) Worcester county, Maryland. Fl. Sept, 4. Fruit. Oct. 2.
Stems many (6 to 10), 18 inches to 3 ft. long, spreading in every direction from the root, and, with the petioles and pedicels, quite hirsute with spread- ing hairs, as well as pubescent with shorter hooked ones. Flowers ochro- leucus ! Legume (always ?) much contorted.
There is a specimen of this plant without flowers in Muhlenberg's herba- rium, sent by Elliott from South Carolina under the name of Hedysarum humifusum. The fruit on this presents the same twisted appearance as in all the Maryland specimens. This specimen is not in the general collection, but is contained in a special collection of the genus Hedysarum, which is accom- panied by a numbered list. In this, Elliott's plant is placed in a distinct paper, and far separated from Muhlenberg's humifusum ; the former being No.
19, the latter (in full), "No. 43 humifusum, Aug. 25, 27, 12"— (the
latter number probably intended for the year 1812). Thus it would appear, that Muhlenberg, at the time of making up this monographic collection, con- sidered them distinct, as they certainly are. But afterwards, in his descrip- tion in the MSS., Plant. Amer. Sept., and in the printed work, he con- founds them, and in the latter the locality of Hedysarum humifusum is given, "Mass. to Penna. and Carolina." The last is to be excluded, as the species has been found only near* Waltham, Mass. (Bigelow) and Lancaster, Penna.
Hydrocotyle vulgaris, L. ? — In a swamp one mile east of Snow Hill, Mary- land. Umbels, or rather verticils, two to five. Sept. to Oct.
Hydrocotyle repanda, Pers. — A glabrate form, found in meadows border- ing Chingoteague Bay, Worcester county, Maryland. Oct.
* The Mass. locality is now supposed to be destroyed. In Muhlenberg's MSS. in the library of the Academy, he gives the date of collection and locality of his plant, — viz., " Aug. 28, 12, (1812), upon Montgomery Island." This may be in the River Susquehanna. The attention of botanists in the neighborhood is requested to this point. The plant may yet be identified and specimens furnished from the original locality. The descriptions in Torrey and Gray, Gray's Manual, Ac, appear to be sufficient, except that the character, — stem angled or striated, — should be added to distinguish it from the round stem of D. ochroleucum.
The three allied species may be thus compared:
D. rotumdifolicm. — Stem hirsute and augled ; leaflets orbicular; bracts and stipules broadly ovate ; flowers purple ; joints of the legume large.
D. humifusum. — Stem angled, nearly smooth ; loaflets ovate ; stipules and braots lanceolate ; flowers purple ; joints of the legume small.
D. ocnioLEUouM — Stani terete, hirsute; leaflets ovate reticulated ; stipules aud bracts ovate acu minate; flowers ochroleucus ; joints of the twisted pod large.
1864.]
18 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP
Elbphantopps tomentosus, L. — Common in open woodlands from Milford, Delaware, southward. Sept., Oct.
Pluchea bifrons, D.C. — Borders of a mill-pond near Salisbury, Somerset county, Md. Sept.
Mentha aquatica, L. — Shores of Nanticoke River near Seaford, Delaware. Sept. Stems 3 to 4 feet long, decumbent, sending up erect flowering branches. Probably naturalized.
Myosotis versicolor, Pers. — Naturalized near Wilmington, Delaware. June.
Heliotrophjm Curassavicpm, L. — Shores of Chingoteague Bay. Doubtless indigenous.
Alnus maritima, Muhl. ! in Herb, et Plant. Amer. Sept., MSS., vol. i. p. 193 ; Nutt., Sylva, vol. i. p. 34. Frequent in Sussex county, Delaware, and southward in Maryland. Flowering in September ! Specimens of this plant, consisting of small branches with leaves only, exist in the herbarium of Muhlenberg. In the Academy's herbarium there are specimens, collected by Dr. Pickering, with leaves and fruit. By last season's collections, the anomaly of a fall-flowering alder is brought to light. So singular a departure from the habit of the genus may well excite a doubt as to whether it is not a mere sport, or the precocious blooming of an ordinarily spring-flowering plant. Yet the observations made seem to preclude this idea. The plant was noticed at several stations over a range of fifty miles, and in the begin- ning of September was every where found in blossom. In going over much the same ground about the middle of the month, the sterile catkins had all fallen or withered ; and when again observed in the beginning of October, no preparation for spring flowering could be seen, although on A. serrulata the young catkins were already an inch long. Next season's observations will probably decide the question. This shrub, or small tree, attains the height of 16 to 18 feet, growing much like A. serrulata, but with a moie open habit, and with the bark lighter colored. The leaves are smooth and glossy, on longish petioles, not furrowed above, thick, and strongly veined beneath. Sterile catkins resembling those of A. incana, but the scales more glutinous. The glossy foliage and handsome sterile catkins (should they prove to be regularly produced in the fall), would make this a desirable shrub in lawns, &c
Cephaloxys flabellata, Desv., (Juncus repens, Michx.) — Low grounds near Salisbury and Snow Hill, Md. Sept.
Eleocharis simplex, Torr. — Common in low grounds in Sussex county, Dela- ware and in Maryland.
Scirpus Canbyi, Gray, n. sp.* — In a small stream and mill-pond east of Salis-
* Dr. Gray has kindly furnished the following:
"Scirpcs Canbyi, sp. nov. — Culmo elato (3 — 5-pedali) folio praclongo eannliculato-triquetro Btipato interne obtuse trigono superne triquetro apiee ininvolucrum monophyllum pseudo-umbel- Um plurifloram longe superans desinente; umbella sossili dichotonio-composita; umbeUulis saepis- sime biradiatis involueellatis, radiis omnibus elongatis plerisque monostachyis ; spicis oblongis ; *quamis laxeimbricatis oblongo-ovatis acutiusculis dorso viridulis nervosis margiuibua late scari- osis pallidis ; setis perigynii 6 patnntim barbellatis achenium obovato-triquetrum subito rostella- tum paullo superantibus.
" So distinct is this species that there is no other known to me with which it may be
(.particularly compared, liy its mode of growth, triangular stem and erect one-leaved invo- lucre, appearing like a continuation of the naked stem, it would have to be referred to the section which contains »S'. pungens. But the radical leaf is remarkably developed; the greenish spikes (half an inch long) of a very different aspect, all on long and slender rays.
■ which come off in pairs (the first pair closely sessile at the base of the involucre) from the nodes of a zigzag rhachis, in the axil of a bract or involucel (the lowest of which resembles the .nvblucraa leaf only on a smaller scale, the others more reduced and scarious), and mostly accoiu-
[J
an.
NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 19
bury, Md., growing in water from six inches to two and a half feet deep. Stems throwing out scaly -jointed runners from the base, which take root at the joints, and sometimes produce a few delicate immersed leaves. Upper part of stem and leaves sharply triangular, the involucre channelled or bayonet-shaped, six to nine inches long. The credit of detecting this species belongs to my friend, Albert Commons, of Delaware, who accompanied me in one of my visits.
Rhynchospora pallida, M. A. Curtis, Chapman's Flora, p. 527.— Not un- common in the Pine Barrens of New Jersey, especially near Quaker Bridge and Atsion. June and July. This has probably been overlooked, from its close external resemblance to R. alba, Vahl., but it is very distinct.
Akistida lanata, Poir. — Sandy soil near Salisbury, Md. October.
The Librarian read his annual report for 1863, as follows : —
REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN FOR 1863.
The Librarian begs leave to report that, during the year just past, the follow- ing additions have been made to the Library, vfz :
Folio 15; Quarto 282; Octavo 638; Duodecimo 16; Maps, &c, 15; Total 966. Of which there were Volumes 101; Tracts 850 ; Maps 15; Total 966.
These have been received from the following sources : —
Editors 157 ; Authors 82 ; Societies 449 ; Maclure Fund 43 ; Library Fund 81 ; Dr. Wilson 124; Smithsonian Institution 4; J. P. Hall, 1 ; J. W. Dawson 1 ; A. D. Bache 1 ; Secretary of the Treasury 1 ; Asa Gray 1 ; R. L. Barnes 1 ; S. S. Garrigues 1 ; Dr. Hammond, U. S. A., 1 ; Geol. Survey of India 1 ; J. L. Darlington 1 ; New York State Library 10 ; New York State University 3 ; W. I. Kintsing 1 ; Isaac Lea 1 ; P. A. Dare 1 ; Total 966.
These belong to the following departments, viz.: —
Journals 694 ; Bibliography 24 ; Agriculture 1 ; Languages 2 ; Geology 56 ; Ornithology 28 ; Botany 20 ; Physical Sciencel3 ; Conchology 19 ; Mammalogy 3; Biography 3; Gen. Nat. History 36 ; Mineralogy 2 ; Anatomy and Physi- ology 19 ; Entomology 29 ; Voyages and Travels 2 ; Herpetology 2 ; Medicine 3 ; Religion 1 ; Antiquities 2 ; Ichthyology 1 ; Helminthology 1 ; Chemistry 5 ; Total 966.
All of which is respectfully submitted.
J. D. Sergeant, Librarian,
Pursuant to the By-Laws, an election of members of the Standing Committees for 1864 was held, as follows : —
ETHNOLOGY. BOTANY.
J. A. Meigs, E. Durand,
S. S. Haldeman, Joseph Carson,
I. I. Hayes, Aubrey H. Smith.
panied by an internal scarious bract ; and the scales of the spike are thin-membranaceous and greenish. Stamens 3. Bristles of the perigynium stout, beset with widely spreading or somewhat retrorse, weak, short hairs rather than barbs. Style 3-cleft. Achenium smooth, a line and a half long, triangular, with the inner face broadest; the broad and even retuse summit tipped with a ronspicuous, very abrupt and narrow beak At my especial request, I am permitted to charac- terize this species and to name it in honor of the collector, my valued correspondent, Mr. Canhy. I leave it to him to give an account of its mode of growth and general character/' A. Grav.
1864.]
20
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP
CO MP. AN AT. AND GEN. ZOOLOGY. JosEpn Leidy, J. M. Corse, J. H. Slack.
MAMMALOGY. J. H. Slack, John Cassin, J. L. LeConte.
ORNITHOLOGY. John Cassin, S. W. Woodhouse, J. H. Slack.
HERPETOLOGY $ ICHTHYOLOGY. E. D. Cope, R. Bridges, J. C. Morris. %
CONCHOLOGY. T. A. Conrad, W. G. Binney, G. W. Tryon, Jr.
ENTOMOLOGY AND CRUSTACEA. R. Bridges, E. T. Cresson, J. F. Knight.
GEOLOGY. Isaac Lea, Charles E. Smith, J. P. Lesley.
MINERALOGY. Wm. S. Vaux, J. C. Trautwine, T. D. Rand.
PALAEONTOLOGY.
Joseph Leidy, T, A. Conrad, J. L. Le Conte.
PHYSICS. B. Howard Rand, Wm. M. Uhler, R. E. Rogers.
LIBRARY. Wm. S. Vaux, Joseph Leidy, Joseph Jeanes.
PROCEEDINGS. Joseph Leidy, Wm. S. Vaux, John Cassin, Thomas Stewardson, Robert Bridges.
February 2d.
Vice-President Vaux in the Chair.
Twenty-one members present. The following were presented for publication : — " Synoptical List of the Grouse," &c. By D. G. Elliott. "Synonymy of the Species of Strepomatidae, No. 2." By Geo. W. Tryon, Jr.
February 9th. Vice-President Bridges in the Chair. Seventeen members present.
February lQth. Vice-President Bridges in the Chair. Twenty-two members present.
[Feb.
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 21
The Committee on Proceedings announced the publication of the Proceedings for December, 1863.
Dr. Wilcox presented for publication a continuation of his paper for January 12th.
February 23(Z. Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.
Twenty-two members present.
The following was presented and unanimously adopted : —
Resolved, That the specimens of antique art belonging to the Aca- demy be deposited in the Museum of the American Philosophical Society, provided that they shall be returned oh demand, and that the Curators of the Society shall give a receipt for the same to the Curators of the Academy.
On report of the respective committees, the following were ordered to be published : —
The Crania of COLYMBUS TOBQUATTJS and C. ADAMSII compared. BY ELLIOTT COUES, M. D.
I have already, in a previous paper,* presented the external characters of size, form, and color by which the C. Adamsii may be distinguished from the common C. torquatus. To more completely substantiate the claims of the former to specific distinction, which I understand is denied it by some orni- thologists, I have taken advantage of an opportunity of comparing the crania of the two species, to present the marked points of difference, as regards size and shape, which an examination of the skulls shows to exist. It is per- fectly easy to diagnose either species from the characters of their crania alone.
As might be expected from the relative dimensions of the two birds, the cranium of C. Adamsii is considerably larger than that of C. torquatus. The difference is particularly striking in the length of the skull, taken as a whole, as well as in the longitudinal dimensions of its individual elements. The total length exceeds that of C. torquatus by fully an inch ; and the dif-» ference in the length of particular bones, as the intermaxillary, palatals, malars, vomer, etc., is proportionately as much. In connection with this increase in the length of skull, there is to be taken into consideration another point, which confers upon the cranium of C. Adamsii a marked difference in general contour, — viz., its remarkable narroioness. In width at the several points, the cranium by no means preponderates over that of C. torquatus in propor- tion to its marked difference in length. Thus, is diameter across the fronto- maxillary suture, or across the anterior or posterior orbital process, is, both absolutely and relatively, but little greater than that of C. torquatus, while across the mastoid processes the width is absolutely the same, and therefore relatively less in C. Adamsii.
The external character, which is perhaps the most distinctive feature of C. Adamsii — viz., the size and shape of the bill, corresponds, of course, to a like modification of the proportions of the intermaxillary and inferior maxillary bones. In fact, the difference in the relative proportions of the crania of the
* Vide Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philada.. April, 1S62. p. 227.
1864.]
22
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP
two birds is produced, in great measure, by the greater developement and somewbat different shape of these two bones. The discrepancies in length Lave already been adverted to. Those of sbape consist chiefly in the greater elevation of the apices of the inter- and infero-maxillary bones. The line formed by the mandibular ramus of the intermaxillary and the malar bone, is in torquatus a gentle curve, the concavity of which looks downwards ; in Adamsii it is a straight, line. The commissural edge of the inferior maxillary of torquatus is about straight as far as the angle of the jaw ; in Adamsii it is a gentle curve, whose concavity looks upwards. The greater production of the inter- and infero-maxillary bones makes their apices much more acute in Adamsii than in torquatus, while, at the same time, in consequence of the comparative narrowness of the skull of the former, the angle of divergence of the rami of these two bones is not greater, and the bill on this account no wider. The symphysis of the mandibular rami is longer in Adamsii than in torquatus, and the prominence at the angle of the jaw is more marked.
In addition to the above, it may be said, in general terms, that the various ridges and depressions of the skull of Adamsii are more strongly marked than those of torquatus, corresponding to the superior size and muscularity of the former. The occipital protuberance and crest, the interparietal and the median frontal ridge are exceedingly prominent, while at the same time, the crotaphyte depression, the temporal and digastric fossae and the supra orbital fossae for the lodgement of the nasal glands are deep and well defined. The frontal bone of Adamsii rises more rapidly than that of torquatus, leaving a deeper fossa at the fronto-maxillary suture, and also producing chiefly the difference which exists in the absolute height of the two crania.
I append the detailed comparative measurements of the most important di- mensions of the skulls of the two birds, which will show at a coup d'aiil the absolute and relative difference in size and shape. Notice particularly the great discrepancies in the longitudinal dimensions as compared with the slight difference in the several transverse measurements.
Comparative Measurements.
Length from apex of intermaxillary to occipital protuberance
" " " fronto-maxillary suture- •
" " " anterior orbital process • •
" " " posterior do. do.
" " " apex of 08 lachrym
" '< " nasal foramen
" " " maxillo-malar suture
" " " tympano-malar artie
" " " apex of yomer
" " " posterior end of palatals- •
" of inferior maxillary
" of symphysis of inferior maxillary
" from apex of inferior maxillary to angle of jaw
" of nasal foramen
Width of skull across fronto maxillary suture
" " " anterior orbital processes
" " " posterior do. do. -
" " " mastoid processes
Greatest height of skull (without lower jaw)
•' depth of inferior maxillary
* English inches and hundredths.
|
C. torquatus. |
C. Adamsii. |
|
5-80* |
6-80 |
|
3-25 |
415 |
|
3-65 |
440 |
|
4-S5 |
5-75 |
|
3-65 |
4-40 |
|
165 |
205 |
|
2-90 |
3-55 |
|
5-30 |
6-20 |
|
2-60 |
320 |
|
4-50 |
5- 10 |
|
6-60 |
660 |
|
M0 |
1-40 |
|
4 20 |
5-00 |
|
1-20 |
1-40 |
|
•80 |
•90 |
|
1-08 |
1-20 |
|
1-95 |
200 |
|
1-35 |
1-35 |
|
1-50 |
1-70 |
|
•70 |
•80 |
[Feb.
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 23
Bemarks upon a Proposed Arrangement of the Family of GROUSE, and New
Genera added.
BY D. G. ELLIOT.
It has seemed to me advisable to give in a condensed form, before treating the subject in a more elaborate manner in my forthcoming Monograph, the results of my investigations, and the arrangement I would propose for the Grouse Family.
Tetrao, than which no generic term has been more abused in its %pplica- tion, for it appears to have been indiscriminately given to any gallinaceous bird, strictly belongs only to Urog alius and Urogalloides. The former is the typical Tetrao, as instituted by Linnaeus, and possesses the beard-like append- age observed, save in its near ally, in no other bird of this family.
America has no representative of this genus, the nearest approach to it perhaps, in the form of the tail and general appearance, being the bird com- monly known as Tetrao obscurus; but it would seem that, excepting the single species of Bonasa sylvestris, no European grouse can be considered as included even in the same genus with those inhabiting the New World.
I would state here, that I am not now speaking of the Lagopidae, for I do not consider them as strictly grouse. The synoptical list that I would, there- fore, propose for this portion of the Tetronidae, is as follows : —
1st. The Genus Tetrao — confined to Europe and Asia ; comprising T. uro- gallus and T urogalloides.
2d. Centrocercus — confined to America ; comprising C. urophasianus. 3d. Lgrurus — confined to Europe ; comprising L. tetrix.
For the next group, as its members appear to possess sufficient characters to distinguish the species from the commonly known T. Canadensis, in hav- ing gular sacks, the extraordinary number of twenty feathers in the tail, instead of sixteen, I would propose the term —
±th. Dendragapus — confined to America ; comprising D. obscurus and Rich- ardscnii.
5th. Canace — confined to America ; comprising C. Canadensis and C. Frank- linii.
6th. I would propose, as a generic term, founded upon the peculiar forma- tion of its primary feathers, the specific appellation Falcipennis — confined to Asia, and in compliment to its discoverer Hartlaubii.
1th. Cupidonia — confined to America ; comprising C. cupido.
8th. Fedisecseles — confined to America ; comprising P. columbianus and P. phasianellus.
9th. Bonasa — Europe and America ; comprising B. umbellus, B. umbelloides, B. sylvestris, and B. sabini.
Tetrao derbianus (Gould), appears to be identical with the common tetrix. This opinion is formed upon a specimen, kindly sent to me by Mr. Gould, which he thinks is the same as the type. The latter is now in the Liverpool Museum.
I can discover no difference between this example and the usual style of T. tetrix, except that the tail is a trifle longer ; but as this varies considerably among the Black Grouse, I have deemed it advisable to consider the genus Lyrurus as possessed of but one species.
1864.]
24 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP
Synonymy of the Species of STREPOMATIDJE, a Family of Fluviatile Kollnsca
inhabiting North America.
Part 2. BY GEORGE W. TRYON, JR.
Goniobasic Section. Genus GONIOBASIS, Lea.
GoniobaSis, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. p. 262, May, 1862. Journ. Acad. Nat.
Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 217, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 39. Ceriphasia, Swainson, (sp.) H. and A. Adams, Genera i. p. 298, Feb. 1854.
Chenu, Man. de Conchyl. i. p. 290, 1859. Pachycheilus, Lea, (sp.) H. and A. Adams, Genera i. p. 298, Feb. 1854. Potaduma, Swainson, (sp.) II. and A. Adams, Genera i. p. 299, Feb. 1854.
Chenu, Man. de Conchyl. i. p. 290, 1859. Elimia, (sp.) H. and A. Adams, Genera i. p. 300, Feb. 1854. Chenu, Man.
de Conchyl. i. p. 290, 1859. Melasma, (sp.) H. and A. Adams, Genera i. p. 300, Feb. 1854. Chenu, Man.
de Conchyl. i. p. 292, 1859. Hemisinus, Swainson, (sp.) H. and A. Adams, Genera i. p. 302, Feb. 1854. Juga, (sp.) H. and A. Adams, Genera i. p. 304, Feb. 1854. Chenu, Man. de
Conchyl. i. p. 293, 1859. Megara, (sp.) H. and A. Adams, Genera i. p. 306, Feb. 1854. Chenu, Man.
de Conchyl. i. p. 293, 1859. Pleurocera, Rafinesque, Haldeman, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. p. 274, 1863. Mclania, (sp.) Auct.*
Species.
A. Shell spirally ridged.
1. G. procissa, Anthony. f
Melania procissa, Anthony, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y. vi. p. 109, t. 3, f. 9, March, 1854. Binney, Check List, No. 218. Brot, List, p. 59. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 342.
B. Shell tuberculate or nodulous.
2. G. g r a t i o s a, Lea.
Melania gratiosa, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. p, 122, May, 1861. Goniobasis gratiosa, Lea, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 241, t. 35, f. 43, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 63.
2a. G. la chry m a, Anthony. J Melania lachryma, Anthony, Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 473, May, 1S61. Brot, List, p. 32.
3. G. g i b b e r o s a, Lea.
Goniobasis gibberosa, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. p. 266, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 312, t. 37, f. 155, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 134, t. 37, f. 155.
* Mr. Lea is the first naturalist who has properly defined this genus, and his name Goniobasis must therefore stand, in preference to any of the prior names given to artificial sections by the Messrs. Adams.
Of course these gentlemen are wrong in including species of this genus in the genera Pachy- chet'ius, Ceriphasia, Potadoma and Hemisinus, which are all intended to embrace very different groups of species. Prof. Haldeman is also mistaken in placing here the Pleurocera of Rafinesque, a genus which undoubtedly = Trypanosoma, Lea.
f This may be only an elevated form of Anculosa canalifera, Anthony.
% This species and the preceding {gratiosa) are identical. Both descriptions bear the same date of publication, and I am therefore unable to decide which has priority.
[Feb.
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 25
4. G. n u b i 1 a, Lea.*
Melania nubila, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. p. 118, 1861. Goniobasis nubila, Lea, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 235, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 57.
5. G. v a r i an s, Lea.f
Melania various, Lea, Proc, Acad. Nat. Sci. p. 120, 1861. Goniobasis varians, Lea, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 219, t. 34, f. 2, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 41.
6. G. H y d e i i, Conrad.
Mdania Hydeii, Conrad, New Fresh- Water Shells, p. 50, t. 8, f. 1, 1834. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 248. DeKay, Moll. N. York, p. 93. Wheat- ley, Cat. Shells U. S. p. 25. Binney, Check List, No. 141.
Melania Hydei, Conrad, Jay, Cat. Shells, 4th edit. p. 273. Brot, List, p. 32. Hanley, Conch. Misc. t. 1, f. 3.
Melania Hydii, Conrad, Catlow, Conch. Nomene. p. 187.
7. G. decorata, Anthony.
Melania decorata, Anthony, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. p. 55, Feb. 1860. Reeve,
Monog. Melania, sp. 251. Binney, Check List, No. 86. Brot, List, p. 32. Goniobasis Trijoniana,% Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. p. 272, 1862. Jour. Acad.
Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 342, t. 38, f. 207, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 164,
t. 38, f. 207. Goniobasis granata, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. p. 272, 1862. Jour. Acad.
Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 343, t. 38, f. 209, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 165.
8. G. caelatura, Conrad.
Melania ccelatura, Conrad, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. iv. p. 154, Feb. 1849. Journ.
Acad. Nat. Sci. i. pt. 4, p. 278, t. 38, f. 3, Jan. 1850. Binney, Check
List, No. 58. Brot, List, p. 32. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 245. Goniobasis Steivardsoniana,§ Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. p. 272, 1862. Jour.
Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 344, t. 38, f. 210, March, 1S63. Obs. ix.
p. 166. Goniobasis Tryoniana, Lea, Description in part.
9. G. o c c a t a, Hinds.
Melania occata, Hinds, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. xiv. p. 9. Zool. Voy.
Sulphur. Mollusca, ii. p. 56, t. 15, f. 5. Catlow, Conch. Nomene. p. 188.
Brot, List, p. 34. Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. p. 81, April, 1856. Reeve,
Monog. Melania, sp. 267. Juga occata, Hinds, Chenu, Man. de Cohchyl. i. f. 2016. Melania Shastaensis,\\ Lea, Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 318.
10. G. c a t e n a r i a, Say.
Melania catenaria, Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. ii. p. 379, Dec. 1822. Binney, Reprint, p. 111. Binney, Check List, No. 52. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 336. DeKay, Moll. N. York, p. 93. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S. p. 24. Gibbes, Rep't. S. Carolina, p. 19. Jay, Cat. 4th edit. p. 273. Catlow, Conch. Nomene. p. 185. Brot, List, p. 34.
* Closely allied to G. oliva, Lea, but is larger, longer and tuberculate.
t Nearly always tuberculate, and shouldered below the sutures.
% G. decorata is a young shell, and, as is usual in this group, is sharply angulated at the peri- phery. G. granata represents a half grown shell, and here the angle is almost obsolete, while G . Tryoniana is the mature form. The entire identity of these several descriptions is proved by a series of over two hundred specimens before me,
Mr. lasts figure of Tryoniana belongs here, but his description of that species is made to include the uext species, caelatura, Cunr. The green variety of granata is a shell of much heavier texture, and may prove distinct.
§ Half grown shell of caelatura.
|| The Shastaensis of Mr. Lea is a very different shell, and certainly ought never to have been confounded with this species, which it does not resemble in any particular.
1864.]
2S PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP
Melanin suLUrata* Conrad, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 2d ser. i. pt. 4, p. 277, t. 38,
f. 1, Jan. 1850. Brot, List, p. 37. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 339. Melania Floridensis,\ Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 334. Brot, List, p. 34.
11. G. catenoides,t Lea.
Melania cateuaria, Lea, Proc. Philos. Soc. i. p. 289. Oct. 1840, (preoc.) Melania catenoides, Lea, Philos. Trans, viii. p. 228, t. 6, f. 60. Obs. iii.
p. 66. DeKay, Moll. N. Y. p. 101. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S. p. 24.
Jay, Cat., 4th edit., p. 273. Binney, Check List, No. 53. Catlow,
Conch. Nomenc. p. 185. Brot, List, p. 34. Reeve, Monog. Melania,
sp. 298. Elimia catenoides, Lea, Chenu, Man. de Conchyl. i. f. 1982.
12. G. Etowahensis, Lea.§
Melania Etowahensis, Lea, Reeve, Monog. Mel. sp. 426, May, 1861. Brot,
List, p. Goniobasis Canbyi, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. p. 271, 1862. Jour. Acad.
Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 340, t. 38, f. 204, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 162.
13. Gr. H al 1 enbe ck i i, Lea.||
Goniobasis Hallenbeckii, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. p. 271, 1862. Jour.
Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 339, t. 38, f. 203, March, 1863. Obs., ix.
p. 161. Melania Hallenbeckii, Lea, Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 332.
14. Gk Boykiniana, Lea.
Melania Boykiniana, Lea, Proc. Philos. Soc. i. p. 289, Oct. 1840. Philos.
Trans, viii. p. 228, t. 6, f. 59. Obs. iii. p. 66. DeKay, Moll. N. Y., p.
100. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S. p. 24. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp.
77. Jay, Cat. Shells, 4th edit. p. 273. Binney, Check List, No. 37.
Catlow, Conch. Nomenc, p. 185. Brot, List, p. 34. Elimia Boykiniana, Lea, Chenu, Man. de Conchyl. i. f. 1978.
15. G. Bentoniensis, Lea.^
Goniobasis Bentoniensis, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. p. 271, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 336, t. 38, f. 198, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 158.
16. G. papillosa, Anthony.
Melania papillosa, Anthony, Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 467, May, 1861.
Brot, List, p. 34. Goniobasis Downieana, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. p. 272, 1862. Jour. Acad.
Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 341, t. 38, f. 206, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 163.
17. G. Couperii, Lea.
Goniobasis Couperii, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. p. 271, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 341, t. 38, f. 205, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 163.
18. G. inclinans, Lea.
Goniobasis inclinans, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. p. 267, 1S62. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 318, t. 37, f. 166, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 140.
* 1 1 have seen several author's examples of catenaria, and they uniformly represent shells not adult. As 1 have not seen specimens of suhlirata an I Floridensis, I rely on the figures and des- criptions only, in considering them to be the adults of the same species.
J G. catenoides may prove to be a variety only of catenaria and I at first un'ted them,but I have recently come to the conclusion that they are distinct species, though nearly allied.
f) I presume it was Mr. Lea*s first intention to describe this species under the name of Etowah- ensis, as a specimen is before me which that gentlemen sent to Mr. Anthony under that name. This verj specimen was sent to Mr. Ueeve and published by him, prior to the publication of Can- byi by Mr. Lea.
It is extremely difficult to distinguish this species from varieties of papillosa, Anth.
|| Dr. Brot considers this a synonym of Boykiniana, but it is Very different.
^[ Doubtfully distinct from papillosa, Anth.
[Feb.
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 27
19. G. Postellii, Lea.
Melania Postellii, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. p. 166, July, 1858. Binney,
Check List, No. 214. Brot, List, p. 34. Melania Portellii, Lea, Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 427. Goniobasis Postellii, Lea, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 343, t. 38, f. 208,
March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 165.
20. G. a r a c h n o i d e a, Anthony.
Melania arachnoidea, Anthony, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vi. p. 95, t. 2,
f. 14, March, 1854. Binney, Check List, No. 19. Brot, List, p. 34.
Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 83. Melania intertexta, Anthony,* Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 62, February, 1860.
Binney, Check List, No. 151. Brot, List, p. 34. Reeve, Monog. Me-
lani, sp. 296.
21. G. Conradi, Brot.f Melania Conradi, Brot, List, p. 36.
Melania symmetrica, Conrad, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., iv. p. 155, Feb., 1849. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., i. pt. 4, p. 278, t. 38, f. 5, Jan., 1850. Binney, Check List, No. 260.
22. G. c a r ini f era, Lam.
Melania carinifera, Lamarck, Anim. sans Vert. Deshayes, Anim. sans Vert., 2d edit., viii. p. 433. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 24. Bin- ney, Check List, No. 48. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc, p. 185. Brot, List, p. 36. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 273.
Melania bella,% Conrad, New Fresh-Water Shells, Appendix, p. 6, t. 9, f. 4, 1834. Binney, Check List, No. 29. Brot, List, p. 36. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 269.
Melania perangulata, Conrad, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., iv. p. 154, Feb., 1849. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., i. pt. 4, p. 278, t. 38, f. 6. Binney, Check List, No. 199. Brot, List, p. 36. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 285.
Melania percarinata, Conrad. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., iv. p. 155, Feb., 1849. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., 2d ser., i. pt. 4, p. 278, t. 38, f. 10. Binney, Check List, No. 200. Brot, List, p. 36.
Melania nebidosa, Conrad, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., iv. p. 155, Feb., 1849. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., i. pt. 4, p. 278, t. 38, f. 9. Binney, Check List, No. 172. Brot, List, p. 36.
Melania bella-crenata, Haldeman, Monog. Limniades, No. 4, p. 3 of cover, Oct. 5, 1841. Jay, Cat., 4th ed., p. 273. Binney, Check List, No. 30. Brot, List, p. 36.
Melania monilijera, Anthony, Jay, Cat., 4th ed., p. 474.
C. Shell plicate.
23. G. obesa, Anthony.
Melania obesa, Anthony, Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 469, May, 1861. Brot, List, p. 33.
24. G. bland a, Lea.§
Melania blanda, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 122, 1861. Goniobasis blanda, Lea, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 242, t. 35, f. 44, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 64, t. 35, f. 44.
* Half-grown shell.
t Dr. Brot proposed the name Conradi for this species, as symmetrica is preoccupied by Prof. Haldeman. I doubt whether it is distinct from G. carinifera, Lam.
1 That all the species here quoted are synonyms of carinifera does not admit of doubt. The species is rather a variable one in respect of proportions and ornamentation.
"2 The name of this species must be changed because preoccupied by Mr. Lea himself.
1864.]
28 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP
25. G. substricta, Haldeman.*
Melania substricta, Haldeman, Monog. Limniades, vii. p. 4 of cover, Jany., 1844. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 27. Binney, Check List, No. 256. Brot, List, p. 36.
26. G. aequali s, Haldeman. f
Melania (tgnalis, Haldeman, Monog. Limniades, No. 4, p. 3 of cover, Oct. 5, 1841. Jay, Cat , 4th ed., p. 272. Binney, Check List, No. 7.
27. G. semigradata, Reeve.
Malania semigradata, Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 472, May, 1861. Brot, List, p. 33.
28. G. carino c ost at a, J Lea.
Melania earinocostata, Lea, Philos. Proc, iv. p. 165, 1845. Philos. Trans.,
x. p. 62, t. 9, f. 40. Obs. iv. p. 62. Binney, Check List, No. 49. Brot,
List, p. 35, Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 333. Goniobasis slrenua, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 267, 1862. Jour. Acad.
Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 316, t. 37, f. 161, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 138. Goniobasis Leidyana, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 268, 1862. Jour.
Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 322, t. 38, f. 173, March, 1863. Obs. ix.
p. 144. Melania scabrella, Anthony, Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 388. Melania scabriuscula, Brot, List, p. 36.
29. G. Lecontiana,§ Lea.
Melania Lecontiana, Lea, Philos. Proc, ii. p. 13, Feb. 1841. Philos. Trans., viii. p. 177, t. 5, f. 29. Dekay, Moll. N. York, p. 96. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 26. Brot, List, p. 35. Jay, Cat., 4th edit., p. 274. Binney, Check List, No. 160. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc, p. 187.
Melasma Lecontiana, Lea, Chenu, Man. Conchy 1., i. f. 2002.
30. G. cadu s, Lea. ||
Goniobasis cadus, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 272, 1S62. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 345, t. 38, f. 211, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 167.
31. G. o b t u s a, Lea.ir
Melania obtusa, Lea, Philos. Proc, ii. p. 13, Feb., 1841. Philos. Trans., viii. p. 176, t. 5, f. 28. Obs. iii. p. 14. Dekay, Moll. New York, p. 96. Binney, Check List, No. 183. Troost, Cat. Shells Tennessee. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 26. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc, p. 188. Brot, List, p. 59.
32. G. amoena, Lea.
Goniobasis amazna, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 268, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 323, t. 38, f. 175, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 145, t. 38, f. 175.
33. G. Tuomeyi, Lea.
Goniobasis Tuomeyi, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 266, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 311, t. 37, f. 153, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 133.
* Somewhat like gracilis, Lea, but is a stouter, more ponderous species.
f Allied to earinocostata. Lea, but in that species the plicae are terminated by an acute angle or rib on the body whorl and the spire is angled or carinate.
% A very variable species. The M. scabrella of Anthony is a half-grown shell ; in which state the plicae and carinas are more dibtinct than in the adult form. Scabrella being preoccupied by an European author, M. Brot changed the name to scabriuscula.
\ Mr. Reeve's fissure 404 does not represent this species ; it is nearer to decorata, Anthony. TLis shell is closely allied to earinocostata and squalis.
|| Allied to G. obtusa, but appears to differ in not being so closely plicate as that species. It may possibly = Lecontiana.
1 Is this the young shell of cadus or earinocostata t
[Feb.
NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 29
34. G. Christy i, Lea.
Goniobasis Christyi, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Soi., p. 269, 1862. Jour. Acad.
Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 328, t. 38, f. 185, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 150. Goniobasis instabilis, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 269, 1862. Jour. Acad.
Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 329, t. 38, f. 186, March, 1863. Obs. ix, p. 151.
35. G. int erven iens, Lea.*
Goniobasis interveniens, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 268, 1862. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 320, t. 38, f. 169, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 142.
36. G. olive 11a, Lea.
Goniobasis olivella, Lea, Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 269, 1862. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 327, t. 38, f. 182, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 149.
37. G. interrupt a, Haldeman.
Melania interrupta, Haldeman, Supplement to No. 1, Monog. Limniades,
Oct. 1840. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 25. Jay, Cat., 4t edit., p.
274. Brot, List, p. 34. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 398. Goniobasis ornatella, Lea, Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 269, 1862. Journ.
Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 326, t. 38, f. 181, March, 1863. Obs. ix.
p. 148.
38. G. cr is pa, Lea.j
Goniobasis crispa, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 269, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 326, t. 38, f. 180, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 148.
39. G. f orm osa, Conrad. $
Melania formosa, Conrad, New Fresh- Water Shells, Appendix, p. 5, t. 9, f.
3, 1834. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 25. Binney, Check List.
No. 112. Melania formosa, Anthony, Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 387. Brot, List,
p. 35.
40. G. mediocris, Lea.
Goniobasis mediocris, Lea, Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 269, 1862. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 326, t. 3S, f. 179, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 148.
41. G vesicula, Lea.
Melania vesicula, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 118, 1861. Goniobasis vesicula, Lea, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 242, t. 35, f. 45, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 64.
42. G. Duttonii, Lea.§
Goniobasis Duttonii, Lea, Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 266, 18$2. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 314, t. 37, f. 158, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 136.
43. G. laqueata, Say.
Melania laqueata, Say, New Harmony Disseminator, p. 275, September, 1829. Say's Reprint, p. 17. American Conchology, No. 5, t. 47, f. 1. Binney's edition, pp. 143 and 200. Binney, Check List, No. 158. De- Kay, Moll. New York, p. 97. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 25. Jay, Cat., 4th ed., p. 274. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 2S1, 288? Brot, List, p. 35. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc, p. 187.
* Very like Currcyana, Lea, in the plicae, but differs in form, f More convex and with more regular striae than G. nassulu, Conrad. t Close to 6. nassula, Conrad, but is striate, and the aperture is more rounded. | Differs from G. Tiwmeyi, Lea, in the form ot' the aperture. The specimens before me are not all two-bande I, some of them being without bands, and of a light yellowish color,
1864.]
30 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP
Melania monozonalis, * Lea, Philos. Proc, ii. p. 13, February, 1841. Philos , Trans., viii. p. 178, t. 6, f. 31. Obs. iii. p. 16. DeKay, Moll. New York, p. 96. Binney, Check List, No. 168. Troost, Cat. Shells Ten- nessee. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 26. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc, p. 187. Brot, List, p. 40.
44. G. P y b a s i i, Lea.
Goniobasis Pi/basii, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 266, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.,' v. pt. 3, p. 313, t. 37, f. 157, March, 1863. Obs., ix. p. 135, t. 37, f. 157.
45. G. indu t a, Lea.
Goniobasis induta, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 267, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 319, t. 37, f. 166, March, 1863. Obs., ix. p. 141.
46. G. vers i pell i s,f Anthony.
Melania versipdlis, Anthony, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 60, February, 1860, Binney, Check List, No. 286. Brot, List, p. 59. Keeve, Monog. Me- lania, sp. 436.
47. G. g r a c i 1 i s, % Lea.
Melania gracilis, Lea, Philos. Proc, ii. p. 12, Feb. 1841. Philos. Trans., viii. p. 168, t. 5, f. 11. Obs. iii. p. 6. DeKay, Moll. N. York, p. 94. Troost, Cat. Shells Tenn. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 25. Bin- ney, Check List, No. 128. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc, p. 187. Brot, List, p. 38.
Potadoma gracilis, Lea, Chenu, Manuel de Conchyl., i. f. 1968.
48. G. paucicosta, Anthony.
Melania paucicosta, Anthony, Proc Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 57, February, 1860. Binney, Check List, No. 198. Brot, List, p. 36. Reeve, Monog. Me- lania, sp. 255.
49. G. tenebrosa, Lea.
Melania tenebrosa, Lea, Philos. Proc, ii. p. 13, February, 1841. Philos. Trans., viii. p. 176, t. 5, f. 26. Obs. iii. p. 14. DeKay, Moll. N. Y., p. 95. Troost, Cat. Shells Tenn. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 27. Binney, Check List, No. 267. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc, p. 189. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 443. Brot, List, p. 39.
50. G. coracina, Anthony.
Melania coracina, Anthony, Bost. Proc, iii. p. 361, Dec, 1850. Binney,
Check List, No. 67. Brot, List, p. 58. Melania Sellersiana, Lea, Philos. Trans-, x. p. 299, t. 30, f. 8. Obs., v. p. 55.
Binney, Check List, No. 239.
51. G. i nt er s i ta, Haldeman.
Melania intersita, Haldeman, Monog. Limniades, No. 4, p. 4 of cover, Dec 28, 1841. Binney, Check List, No. 150. Brot, List, p. 35. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 376.
52. G. colnmell a, Lea.
Melania columella, Lea, Philos. Proc, ii. p. 13, Feb., 1841. Philos. Trans., viii. p. 179, t. 6, f. 33. Obs. iii. p. 17. DeKay, Moll. N. Y., p. 96. Binney, Check List, No. 60. Troost, Cat. Shells Tenn. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 24. Catlow, Conuh. Nomenc, p. 186. Brot, List, p. 35. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 441.
•This is ouly a rather wide, young specimen of laqueata, as I have ascertained by the inspection of some hundreds of specimens of that species.
t Versipdlis resembles a young laqueata, but its texture is rruite heavy although small.
j Described by Mr. Lea as a smooth species, but among a hundred perfect specimens before me, oyer eighty are more or less plicate on the spire.
[Feb.
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 31
53. G. bland a, Lea.
Melania blanda, Lea, Philos. Proc, ii. p. 13, Feb. 1841. Philos. Trans., viii. p. 79, t. 6, f. 34. Obs. iii. p. 17. DeKay, Moll. N. Y., p. 97. Binney, Check List, No. 36. Troost, Cat. Shells Tennessee. Wheat- ley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 24. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc, p. 185. Brot, List, p. 35.
54. G. nit e n s, Lea.
Melania nitida* Lea, Philos. Proc, ii. p. 14, February, 1841.
Melania nitens, Lea, Philos. Trans., viii. p. 182, t. 6, f. 40. Obs. iii. p. 20. DeKay, Moll. N. Y., p. 98. Binney, Check List, No. 178. Troost, Cat. Shells Tennessee. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 26. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc, p. 187. Brot, List, p. 36.
55. G. mutata, Brot.
Melania Deshayesiana,] Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 27^ September, 1860. Melania mutata, Brot, List, p. 37.
56. Gr. suturalis, Haldeman.
Melania suturalis, Haldeman, Suplement to Monog. Limniades, No. 1, Oct.,
1840. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 27. Jay, Cat., 4th ed., p. 275.
57. G-. m u t a b i 1 i s,t Lea.
Goniobasis mutabilis, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 270, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 331, t. 38, f. 189, March, 1863. Obs., ix. p. 153.
58. G. V i e n n a e n s i s, Lea.
Goniobasis Viennaensis, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 267, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 315, t. 37, f. 160, March, 1863. Obs., ix. p. 137.
59. Q. Curreyana, Lea.
Goniobasis Curreyana, Lea, Philos. Proc, ii. p. 13, Feb. 1841. Philos. Trans., viii. p. ISO, t. 6, f. 36. Obs., iii. p 18. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 25. Binney, Check List, No. 7f». DeKay, Moll. N. Y., p. 97. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 286. Troost, Cat. Shells, Tennessee. Cat- low, Conch. Nomenc, p. 186. Brot. List, p. 35.
Melasma Curreyana, Lea, Chenu, Man. de Conchyl. i. f. 2003.
60. G. c os t if era, § Haldeman.
Melania costifera, Haldeman, Monog. Melania., No. 2, p. 3 of Cover, Jan.
1841. Binney, Check List, No. 72. Brot, List, p. 34. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 440.
61. G. Deshayesiana, Lea.
Melania plic<ttula,\\ Lea, Proc. Philos. Soc, ii. p. 14, Feb. 1841. Philos. Trans., viii. p. 182, t. 6, f. 41. Obs., iii. p. 20. Troost, Cat. Shells Tenn. Jay, Cat., 4th Edit., p. 274. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc, p. 188. Brot, List, p. 34.
Melasma plica tula, Lea, Chenu, Man. de Conchyl. i. f. 1998.
Melania Deshayesiana, Lea, Philos. Proc, ii. p. 242, Dec. 1842. Philos. Trans., ix. p. 24. Obs., ix. p. 24. DeKay, Moll N. Y. p. 98. Wheat- ley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 25. Troost, Cat. Shells Tennessee. Jay, Cat. Shells, 4th Edit., p. 273. Binney, Check List, No. 88. Brot, List, p. 34.
* Preoccupied.
t Preoccupied by Mr. Lea, and the name changed to mutntti hy M. Brot t Very closely allied to suturalis, but differs in the form of the aperture.
^Differs from Curreyana by its more numerous plica, more acuminated spire, and by the moutlt being more rounded at base. 5 Preoccupied, and changed to Deshayesiana,
1864.]
32 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP
Melania Deshaysii, Lea, Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 330.
62. G. Abbevillensis, Lea.
Goniobasis Abbevillensis, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 268, 1862. Journ. Aoad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 323, t. 38, f. 174, Mar. 1863. Obs., ix. p. 145.
63. G. Doolyensis, Lea.
Goniobasis Doolyensis, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 266, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 315 t. 37, f. 159., Mar. 1863. Obs., ix. p. 137.
64. G. inconstans,t Lea.
Goniobasis inconstans, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 269, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 325, t. 38, f. 178, Mar. 1863. Obs., ix. p. 147.
65. G. contineiis, Lea.
Goniobasis continens, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 268, 1862. Jour. Acad.
Nat. Sci., pt. 3, p. 324, t. 38, f. 176. Mar. 1863. Obs., ix. p. 146. Goniobasis proletaria, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 268, 186'i. Jour. Acad.
Sci., v.pt. 3, p. 325, t. 38, f, 177, Mar. 1863. Obs., ix, p. 147.
66. G. viridicata, Lea.
Goniobasis viridicata, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat, Sci., p. 26S, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 322, t. 38, f. 172, Mar, 1863. Obs., ix. p. 144.
67. G. purpurella, Lea.
Giniobasis purpurella, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 269, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 327, t. 38, f, 183, Mar. 1863. Obs., ix. p. 149.
68. semicostata, Conrad.
Melania semicostata, Conrad, New Fresh-Water Shells, App p. 7, t. 9, f. 6, 1834. Binney, Check List, No. 241. Brot, List, p. 59.
69. G. dislocata, Ravenel.
Melania dislocata. Ravenel, Cat. Shells, p. 11, 1834. Binney, Check List, No. 90. Brot, List, p. 35. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 380.
Goniobasis Lindsleyi, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 267, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 319, t. 37, f. 167, Mar. 1863. Obs. ix. p. 141.
70. G. paupercula,§ Lea.
Goniobasis pauper cula, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat Sci., p. 268, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 324, t. 38, f. 176, Mar. 1863. Obs. ix., p. 146.
71. G. corneola, Anthony.
Melania corneola, Anthony, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 61, Feb. 1860. Bin- ney, Check List, No. 68. Brot, List, p. 35. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 456.
72. G. n a s s u 1 a , Conrad.
Melania nassula, Conrad, New Fresh-Water Shells, p. 55, t. 8, f. 9, 1834. Binnev, Check List, No. 171. DeKay, Moll. New York, p. 97. Jay, Cat. 4th Edit., p. 274. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S.,p. 26. Brot, List, p. 34. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 412. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc, p. 187.
73. G. perstriata, Lea.
Melania perstriata, Lea, Philos. Trans., x. p. 296, t. 30, f. 2. Obs., v. p. 52. Binney. Check List, No. 203. Brot, List, p. 36.
1 1 doubt whether thi8 is more than the young of Dcolycnsis. \— dislocata, young?
[Feb.
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 33
74. G. rugosa, Lea.
Melania corrugata, Lea, Philos. Proc. ii. p. 13, Feb. 1841. Philos. Trans.
viii. p. 177, t. 5, f. 30. Obs., iii. p. 15. Troost, Cat. Shells Tenn.
Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 24. Melania rugosa,* Lea, Philos. Proc. ii. p. 237, Dec. 1842. Philos. Trans.
viii. p. 248. Obs,. iii. p. 86. DeKay, Moll. New York, p. 96. Bin-
ney, Check List, No. 235. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc, p. 188. Brot,
List, p. 34.
75. G. costulata, Lea.
Melania costulata, Lea, Philos. Proc, ii. p. 14, Feb. 1841. Philos. Trans, viii. p. 181, t. 6, f. 39. Obs., iii. p. 19. Binney, Check List, No. 73. DeKay, Moll. N. Y., p. 98. Jay, Cat. 4th Edit., p. 273. Troost, Cat. Shells Tennessee. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 24. Reeve, Mo- nog. Melania, sp. 272, 360. Brot, List, p. 35.
76. G. cinerella, Lea.
Goniobasis cinerella, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 269, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 328, t. 38, f. 184, Mar. 1863. Obs., ix. p. 150.
77. G. Edgariana, Lea.
Melania Edgariana, Lea, Philos. Proc, ii. p. 14, Feb. 1841. Philos. Trans., viii. p. 180, t. 6, f. 37. Obs., iii. p. 18. DeKay, Moll. N. Y., p. 97. Jay, Cat. 4th Edit., p. 273. Binney, Check List, No. 94. Troost, Cat. Shells Tenn. Reeve, M^nog. Melania, sp. 430. Wheat- ley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 25. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc, p. 186.
Melasma Edgariana, Lea, Chenu, Man. de Conchyl, i. f. 1997.
78. G. c a 1 i g i n o s a , Lea.
Melania caliginosa, Lea, Philos. Proc. ii. p. 15, Feb. 1841. Philos. Trans., viii. p. 189, t, 6, f. 56. Obs., iii. p. 27. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 24. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 293. DeKay, Moll. New York, p. 100. Binney, Check List, No. 44. Troost, Cat. Shells Tenn. Jay, Cat. 4th Edit., p. 273. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc. p. 185. Brot, List, p. 34.
79. G. n o d u 1 o s a , Lea.
Melania nodulosa, Lea, Philos. Proc ii. p. 15, Feb. 1841. Philos. Trans., viii. p. 190, t. 6, f. 57. Obs., iii. p. 28. DeKay, Moll. N. Y., p. 109. Binney, Check List, No. 180. Troost, Cat. Shells Tennessee. Wheat- ley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 26. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc p. 188. Brot, List, p. 34. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 276.
80. G. g 1 a u c a , Anthony.
Melania glauca, Anthony, Proc Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 57, Feb. 1860. Binney, Check List, No. 125. Brot, List, p. 35. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 389.
Goniobasis Lyonii, Lea. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 266. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 313, t. 37, f. 156, Mar. 1863. Obs., ix. p. 135.
81. G. diffi-cilis,t Lea.
Goniobasis difficilis, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. p. 267, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 317, t. 37. f, 163, Mar. 1863. Obs., ix. p. 139.
82. G. s p ar u s , Lea.
Goniobasis sparus, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 267, 1862. Jour. Acad.
Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 316, t. 37, f. 162, Mar. 1863. Obs., ix, p. 138. Goniobasis cerea^ Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 268, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat.
Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 321, t. 38, f. 171, Mar. 1863. Obs. ix. p. 143.
* Preoccupied.
t Resembles G- glauca, but the whorls are more convex. G. baculum Is more cylindrical than this species.
1864.] 3
34 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP
83. G. Thorntpnii, Lea.
Goniobasis Thorntonii, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 268, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 320, t. 38, f. 168, Mar. 1863. Obs., ix. p. 142.
84. G. cancellata * Say.
Melania cancellata, Say, New Harmony Disseminator, p. 260, Aug. 1829. Say's Reprint, p. 16. Binney's Edit., p. 141. Binney, Check List, No. 46. DeKay, Moll. N. Y., p. 93. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 24. Brot, List, p. 34.
85. G. circincta, Lea.
Melania circincta, Lea, Philos. Proc. ii. p. 15, Feb. 1841. Philos. Trans., viii. p. 187, t. 6, f. 51. Obs., iii. p. 25. DeKay, Moll., N. Y., p. 99. Troost, Cat. Shells Tenn. Wheatley, Cat. Shells IT. S., p. 24. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc, p. 186. Brot, List, p. 31. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 289.
Melania circinnata, Lea, Binney, Check List, No. 54.
Juga circinnata, Lea, Chenu, Man. de Conchyl., i. f. 2015.
86. G. a t h 1 e t a , Anthony.
Melania alhleta, Anthony, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vi. p. 83, t. 2, f. 1, Mar. 1854. Binney, Check List, No. 23. Brot, List, p. 34. Reeve, Monog. Mel., sp. 258.
87. G. curvicostata, Anthony.
Melania curvicostata, Anthony, MSS. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 462. Brot,
List, p. 35. Melania densecostata, Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 465. Brot, List, p. 35.
88. G. striatula, Lea.
Melania striata,^ Lea, Philos. Proc. ii. p. 15, Feb. 1841. Philos. Trans., viii. p. 186, t. 6. f. 49. Obs., iii. p. 24. Troost, Cat. Shells Tenn. Wheat- ley, Cat. Shells U. S., p.
Juga striata, Lea, Chenu. Man. de Conchyl. i. f. 2018.
Melania. striatula, Lea, Philos. Proc. ii. p. 237, Dec. 1842. Philos. Trans. viii. p. 248. Obs. iii. p. 86. DeKay, Moll. New York, p. 99. Jay. Cat. 4th Edit., p. 275. Binney, Check List, No. 249. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc. p. 188. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 466. Brot, List, p. 35.
89. G. t r i p a r t i t a , Reeve.
Melania tripartita, Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 364, Dec. 1860. Brot, List, p. 37.
90. G. de co r a, Lea.
Melania decora, Lea, Philos. Proc. ii. p. 14, Feb. 1841. Philos. Trans., viii. p. 181, t. 6, f. 38. Obs., iii. p. 19. DeKay, Moll. N. Y., p. 98. Bin- ney, Check List, No. 85. Troost, Cat. Shells Tenn. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 25. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 292. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc. p. 186. Brot, List, p. 35.
91. G. c r e b r i c o s t at a, Lea.
Melania crebricoslata, Lea, Philos. Proc. ii. p. 13, Feb. 1841. Philos. Trans., viii. p. 179, t. 6, f. 35. Obs., iii. p. 17. DeKay, Moll. New York, p. 97. Jay, Cat. 4th Edit., p. 273. Troost, Cat. Shells Tenn. Wheat- ley Cat. Shells U. S., p. 24. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 374. Binney, Check List, No. 74. Brot, List, p. 35.
Melasma crebricostata, Lea, Chenu, Man. de Conchyl. i. f. 1999.
* I am unable to find specimens of this shell in any of our cabinets, and as it has never been figured, I assigu it ihe position it occupies in thia catalogue from the description onJy. t Name preoccupied.
[Feb.
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 35
92. G. comma, Conrad.
Melanin comma, Conrad, New Fresh Water Shells, p. 53, t. 8, f. 7, 1834. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 24. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 107. Binney, Check List, No. 61. DeKay, Moll. New York, p. 95. • Jay, Cat. 4th Edit., p. 273. Brot, List, p. 35. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc. p. 186.
93. G. a c u t a, Lea.
Melania acuta, Lea. Philos. Trans., iv. p. 101, t. 15, f. 32. Obs. i. p. iii. Troost, Cat. Shells Tennessee. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 24. Binney, Check List, No. 4. Brot, List, p. 3. Reeve, Monog, Melania, sp. 274.
94. G. subcylindracea, Lea.
Melania subcylindracea, Lea, Philos. Proc. ii. p. 12, Feb. 1841. Philos. Trans., viii. p. 169, t. 5, f. 14. Obs., iii. p. 7. DeKay, Moll. New York, p. 94. Troost, Cat. Shells Tenn. Binney, Check List, No. 253. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 27. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc. p. 188. Brot, List, p. 39. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 399.
95. G. baculum, Anthony.
Melania baculum, Anthony, Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 98, t. 2. f. 16, Mar. 1854. Binney, Check List, No. 27. Brot, List, p. 34. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 431.
96. G. concinna,* Lea.
Melania concinna, Lea, Philos. Proc. ii. p. 14, Feb. 1841. Philos. Trans., viii. p. 183, t. 6, f. 42. Obs. iii., p. 21. DeKay, Moll. New York, p. 98. Troost, Cat. Shells Tennessee. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 24. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc. p. 186. Binney, Check List, No. 63. Brot, List, p. 34.
97. G. eliminata, Anthony,
Melania eliminata, Anthony, Ann. New York Lvc. Nat. Hist., vi., p. 97, t. 2, f. 15, Mar. 1854. Binney, Check List, No. 98. Brot, List, p. 34.
98. G. t er e s, Lea.
Melania teres, Lea, Philos. Proc. ii. p. 13, Feb. 1841. Philos. Trans., viii.
p. 176, t. 5, f. 27. Obs., iii. p. 14. DeKay, Moll. New York, p. 96.
Troost, Cat. Shells Tenn. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 27. Binney,
Check List, No. 269. Jay, Cat. 4th Edit., p. 275. Catlow, Conch,
Nomenc. p. 189. Brot, List, p. 35. Melania terebralis,] Lea, Philos. Proc, ii, p. 13, Feb. 1841. Philos. Trans.,
viii. p, 178, t. 6, f. 32. Obs., iii. p. 16. DeKay, Moll. New York, p.
96. Troost, Cat. Shells Tenn. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S.; p. 27.
Binney, Check List, No. 268. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc. p. 189. Brot,
List, p. 36.
99. G. gracillima, Anthony.
Melania gracillima, Anthony, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 62, Feb. 1860. Bin- ney, Check List, No. 129. Brot, List, p. 36. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 437.
100. G. C 1 a r k i i , Lea.
Melania Clarkii, Lea, Philos. Trans., x. p. 297, t. 30, f. 4. Obs., v. p. 53. Binney, Check List, No. 56. Brot, List, p. 34. Reeve, Monog. Me- lania, sp. 356.
101. G. De Cam p ii, Lea.
Goniobasis DeCampii, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 154, May, 1863.
1864.]
* Kxtensively distributed by Mr. Anthony as if. comma, Conrad, variety. •J- Half grown shell of G. teres.
36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP
102. G. ab b r e v iata, Anthony.
Melania abbreviata, Anthony, Bost. Proc, iii. p. 360, Dec, 1850. Binney,
Check List, No. 4. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 424. Melania elegantula, Anthony, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vi. p. 103, t. 3, f. 2,
March, 1854. Binney, Check List, No. 96. Brot, List, p. 32. Reeve,
Monog. Melania, sp. 346. Melania coronilla, Anthony, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vi. p. 126, t. 3, f. 27,
March, 1854. Binney, Check List, No. 69. Brot, List, p. 32. Reeve,
Monog. Melania, sp. 418. Melania chalybeea, Anthony, Brot, List, p. 37.
103. G. p li c if er a, Lea.
Melania plicifera. Lea, Philos. Trans, vi. p. 93, t. 23, f. 90. Obs. ii. p. 93. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 26. Jay, Cat., 4th ed., p. 274. Binney, Check List, No. 211. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 284. Cooper, Report, p. 374. Brot, List, p. 36. Gould, Moll. Expl. Exped., p. 143, f. 165.
Melasma plicifera, Lea, Chenu, Manuel, i. f. 2001.
104. G. s ilic ula, Gould.
Melania silicula, Gould, Bost. Proc, ii. p. 224, June, 1847. Otia Concho- logica, p. 46. Moll. Expl. Exped., p. 141, f. 164, 164a. Cooper, Re- port, p. 374. Binney, Check List, No. 243. Brot, List, p. 52.
Melania Shastaensis, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., viii. p. 80, April, 1856. Bin- ney, Check List, No. 242. Cooper, Report, p. 374.
Goniobasis Shastaensis, Lea, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 337, t. 38, f. 199, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 159.
Melania rudens, Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 224, May, 1860. Brot, List, p.
105. G. ni gr i n a,* Lea.
Melania nigrina, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 80, April, 1856. Goniobasis nigrina, Lea, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 302, t. 37, f. 137, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 124. Binney, Check List, No. 177.
106. G. r u b i gi no s a, Lea.
Goniobasis rubiginosa, Lea, Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 270, 1862. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 333, t. 38, f. 193, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 155.
107. G. B a i r d i a n a, Lea.
Goniobasis Bairdiana, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 267, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 317, t. 37, f. 164, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 139, t. 37, f. 164.
D. Shell angulate.
108. G. tr o c h i f o r m i s,f Conrad.
Melania Irochiformis, Conrad, New Fresh-Water Shells, p. 56, t. 8, f. 11, 1834. DeKay, Moll. New York, p. 100. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 27. Binney, Check List, No. 275. Brot, List, p. 31.
109. G. cr is tat a, J Anthony.
Melania cristata, Anthony, Ann. Lye Nat. Hist. N. Y., vi. p. 108, t. 3, f. 8, March, 1854. Binney, Check List, No. 77. Brot, List, p. 32. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 413.
110. G. c r u da, Lea.
Goniobasis cruda, Lea, Proc Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 270, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 332, t. 38, f. 190, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 154.
* Differs from silicula in being more cylindrical, with the apical whorls carinate. f The figure of this species iu Mr. Conrad's work is not recognizable, but it will probably be found to = cristata, Anth., young. X = proteus, Lea?
[Feb.
NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 37
111. G. Whitei, Lea.
Goniobasis Whitei, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 266, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 310, t. 37, f. 151, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 132.
112. G. c a st a, Anthony.
Melania casta, Anthony, Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist., vi. p. 100, t. 2, f. 19, March, 1854. Binney, Check List, No. 50. Brot, List, p. 32. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 381.
113. G. r h o mb i c a, Anthony.
Melania rhombica, Anthony, Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist., vi. p. 116, t. 3, f. 16, March, 1854. Binney, Check List, No. 228. Brot, List, p. 38. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 347.
114. G. an gu 1 at a, Anthony.
Melania angulata* Anthony, Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist., vi. p. 117, t. 3, f. 17,
March, 1854. Binney, Check List, No. 14. Brot, List, p. 37. Reeve,
Monog. Melania, sp. 386. Melania cinnamomea, Anthony, Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 379. Brot, List,
p. 35. Goniobasis intercedens, Lea, Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 265, 1862. Journ.
Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 305, t. 37, f. 143. Obs. ix. p. 127.
115. G. B r id g e si an a, Lea.
Goniobasis Bridgesiana, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 265, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 305, t. 37, f. 142, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 173, t. 37, f. 142.
116. G. cubicoides, Anthony.
m Melania cubicoides,f Anthony, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 60, Feb., 1860. Bin- ney, Check List, No. 78. Brot, List, p. 39. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 445.
117. G. S p i 11 m a n i i, Lea.
Goniobasis Spillmanii, Lea, Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 264, 1862. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 302, t. 37, f. 138, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 124.
118. G. p 1 e b e i u s, Anthony.
Melania plebejus, Anthony, Bost. Proc, iii. p. 362, Dec, 1850. Reeve, Monog.
Melania, sp. 414. Melania plebeius, Anthony, Binney, Check List, No. 209. Melania plebeia, Anthony, Brot, List, p. 38.
119. G. o p a c a, J Anthony.
Melania opaca, Anthony, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 58, Feb., 1860. Binney, Check List, No. 189. Brot, List, p. 38. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 384.
Melania iostoma, Anthony, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 62, February, 1860. Binney, Check List, No. 152. Brot, List, p. 31. Reeve, Monog. Me- lania, sp. 351.
Melania nig to stoma, \ Anthony, Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 463, 367. Brot, List, p. 38.
120. G. p a 1 1 i dul a, Anthony.
Melania pallidula, Anthony, Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist., vi. p. 115, t. 3, f. 15, March, 1854. Binney, Check List, No. 197. Brot, List, p. 38. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 417.
* Juvenile shell. The adult is described under the names of cinnamomea and intercedens.
t The longitudinal ribs attributed to this species by Mr. Anthony are very faint on the type shell, and do not exist at all on other specimens.
;f = ovoidea, Lea. f 6. ebenum of Lea appears to be more rounded in the base of the aperture, and the periphery not angulated ; still it may be the same.
\ Young specimens.
1864.]
38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF
121. G. vi c in a,* Anthony.
Melania vicina, Anthony, Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist., vi. p. 114, t. 3, f. 14, March, 1854. Binney, Check List, No. 288. Brot, List, p. 39. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 291.
122. G. S part e n b u r ge n s i s,f Lea.
Goniobasis Spartenburgensis, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 265, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., 2d ser., v. pt. 3, p. 307, t. 37, f. 147, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 129.
123. G. modesta, Lea.
Melania modexta, Lea, Philos. Proc, iv. p. 166, Aug., 1845. Philos. Trans., x. p. 60, t. 9,f. 34. Obs. iv. p. 60. Binney, Check List, p. 36.
E. Whorls very strongly carinated.
124. G. p ago di for mis, Anthony.
Melania pagodiformis, Anthony, Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist., vi. p. 106, t. 3, f.
6, March, 1854. Binney, Check List, No. 195. Brot, List, p. 36. Reeve,
Monog. Melania, sp. 260. Melania torulosa, Anthony, Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist., vi. p. 110, t. 3, f. 10.
March, 1854. Binney, Check List, No. 273. Brot, List, p. 37. Reeve,
Monog. Melania, sp. 370.
125. G. Ger har d tii, Lea.
Goniobasis Gerhardtii, Lea, Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 270, 1862. Journ.
Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 330, t. 38, f. 187, March, 1863. Obs., ix.
p. 152. Goniobasis infuscata, Lea, Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 270, 1862. Journ.
Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 330, t. 38, f. 188, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p.
152.
126. G. oblita, Lea.J
Melania oblita, Lea, Philos. Trans., x. p. 298, t. 30, f. 6. Obs. V. p. 54. Bin- ney, Check List, No. 182. Brot, List, p. 36.
127. G. acutocarinata,^ Lea.
Melania acutocarinata, Lea, Philos. Proc, ii. p. 14, Feb., 1841. Philos. Trans., viii. p. 184, t. 6, f. 46. Obs. iii. p. 22. DeKay, Moll. N. Y., p. 99. Troost, Cat. Shells Tenn. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 24. Bin- ney, Check List, No. 5. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc, p. 185. Brot, List, p. 36.
Elimia acutocarinata, Lea, Chenu, Manuel de Conchyl., i. f. 1979.
F. Body whorl bi-multiangulated.
128. G. t abu lata, Anthony.
Melania tabulata, Anthony, Ann. N. Y. Lye Nat. Hist., vi. p. 118, t. 3, f. 18, March, 1854. Binney, Check List, No. 262. Brot, List, p. 39.
129. G. Catawbaea,|| Haldeman. (MSS.)
130. G. v i tt at a, Antbony.
Melania vittala, Anthony, Ann. Lye Nat. Hist. N. Y., vi. p. 89, t. 2, f. 7, March, 1854. Binney, Check List, No. 294. Brot, List, p. 37. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 262.
* Described as from Alabama, but all the specimens before me are labelled "Kentucky" by Mr. Anthony, and I think the latter habitat is correct, t I ff ar the Northern specimens of this species are not distinct from depygis, Say.
t Differs from symmetrica in being striate.
This shell is believed by Prof. Haldeman to = simplex, Say, but I doubt it. Acutocarinata, it is true, is not always cariuate, but, it appears to me, is always narrowly lengthened. |j A wider species than others of the group ; none of the specimens are banded.
[Feb.
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 39
Melania pulcherrima* Anthony, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 58, Feb., 18C0. Biiiney, Check List, No. 222. Brot, List, p. 37. Reeve, Monog. Me- lania, sp. 336.
131. G. su b an gu la ta,f Anthony.
Melania subangulata, Anthony, Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist., vi. p. 91, t. 2, f. 9, March, 1854. Binney, Check List, No. 252. Brot, List, p. 37. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 242.
Melania paula, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 122, 1861. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 244, t. 35, f. 48, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 66.
132. G. symmetrica,! Haldeman.
Melania symmetrica, Haldeman, Monog. Lim., No. 4, p. 3 of Cover, October 5,
1841. Binney, Check List, No. 261. Jay, Cat., 4th ed., p. 275. Brot,
List, p. 35. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 328. Melania imbricata, Anthony, Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist., vi. p. 105, t. 3, f. 5,
March, 1854. Binney, Check List, No. 142. Brot, List, p. 36. Reeve,
Monog. Melania, sp. 259. Melania bicineta, Anthony, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 56, Feb., 1860. Binney,
Check List, No. 31. Brot, List, p. 36. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 327. Melania assimilis, Anthony, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 60, Feb. 1860. Brot,
List, p. 36. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 464. Melania assimilis, Lea, (mistake,) Binney, Check List, No. 22. Goniobasis Uche'ensis, Lea, Proc. Acad, Nat. feci., p. 270, 1862. Jour. Acad.
Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 334, t. 38, f. 194, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 156. Goniobasis Barrattii, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 271, 1862. Journ. Acad.
Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 335, t. 38, f. 196, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 157.
133. G. iota, Anthony.
Melania iota, Anthony, Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 86, t. 2, f. 4, March, 1854. Brot, List, p. 36. Binney, Check List, No. 153.
134. G. n igr o c in ct a, Anthony.
Melania nigrocincta, Anthony, Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 90, t. 2, f. 8, March, 1854. Brot, List, p. 36. Binney, Check List.
135. G. t e eta, Anthony.
Melania facta, Anthony, Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 105, t. 3, f. 4, Mar.
1854. Binney, Check List, No. 265. Brot, List, p. 37. Reeve, Monog.
Melania, sp. 253. Goniobasis macella, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 270, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat.
Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 333, t. 38, f. 192, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 155.
136. G. h y b r i d a,| Anthony.
Melania hybrida, Anthony, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. p. 60, Feb. 1860. Binney,
Check List, No. 140. Brot, List, p. 36. Melania subcarinata, Anthony, Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 282.
137. G. fu s c o cin eta, Anthony.
Melania fuscocincta, Anthony, Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 120, t. 3, f. 20, March, 1854. Binney, Check List, No. 118. Brot, List, p. 40. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 415.
138. G. co ng e s ta, || Conrad.
* G. pulcherrina is the juvenile form.
I Differs from viltuta, Anth., in having a more rounded aperture.
J The various synonyms of this species, inhabiting North and South Carolina, Alabama and Tennessee, are all characterized by an identical form, although varying somewhat in color. Hav- ing examined several hundred specimens, I find them to vary so much in that respect that I cannot unite any of the so called species.
jS Differs from symmetrica in being more cylindrical, with the whorls more flattened.
|| I can obtain no information regarding this species except the meagre description. It Las never been figured, and I cannot find specimens in our cabinets.
1864.]
40 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP
.» Melania congesta, Conrad, Amer. Jour. Sci., 1st ser. xxv. p. 343, Jan. 1834. DeKay, Moll. N. Y., p. 96. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 24. Binney, Check List, No. 64. Jay, Cat., 4th Edit., p. 273. Brot, List, p. 36.
G. Shoi-t clavate, smooth species.
139. G. au r i c ul a;fo r m is, Lea.*
Melania auriculscformis, Lea, Philos. Proc, iv. p. 166. Philos. Trans., x. p. 62, t. 9, f. 39. Obs. iv. p. 62, t. 9, f. 39. Binney, Check List, No. 24. Brot, List, p. 32. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 409.
140. G. Nickliniana, Lea.
Melania Nickliniana, Lea, Philos. Proc, ii. p. 12, Feb., 1841. Philos. Trans., viii. p. 171, t. 5, f. 18. Obs. iii. p. 9. DeKay, Moll. N. Y., p. 95. Reeve, Monog. Melania., sp. 375. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 26. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc, p. 187.
Leptoxis Nickliniana, Lea, Binney, Check List, No. 371.
141. G. aterina, Lea.f
Goniobasis aterina, Lea, "Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 155, May, 1863.
142. G. B in n ey ana, Lea.
Goniobasis Binneyana, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 266, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 310, t. 37, f. 152, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 132.
143. G. eb enu m, Lea.J
Melania ebenum, Lea, Philos. Proc. ii. p. 12, Feb. 1841. Philos. Trans., viii. p. 166, t 5, f. 7. Obs. iii. p. 4. DeKay, Moll. New York, p 93. Jay, Cat., 4th Edit., p. 273. Binney, Check List, No. 93. Troost, Cat. Shells Tenn. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 25. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 350. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc, p. 186. Brot, List, p. 31.
Anculotus ebenum, Lea, Reeve, Monog. Anculotus t. 4, f. 31.
Melania brunnea, Anthony, Ann. N. Y. Lye Nat. Hist. vi. p. 92, t. 2, f. 10, March. 1854. Binney, Check List, No. 41. Brot, List, p. 39. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 319.
Melania Paula, Anthony, Brot, List, p. 40.
144. G. V au xi a n a, Lea.
Goniobasis Vauxiana, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 265, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 309, t. 37, f. 150, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 131.
145. G. larvaef o r m i s, Lea.
Melania larvseformis, Lea, MSS., Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 357, Dec, I860. Brot, List, p. 38.
1 46. G. a u r i c o m a, Lea.
Goniobasis auricoma, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 265, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 308, t. 37, f. 148, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 130.
147. G. glabra, Lea.$
Melania glabra, Lea, Proc Acad. Nat. Sci., ii. p. 82, Oct., 1841. Philos. Trans., ix. p. 18. Obs. iv. p. 18. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 25. Binney, Check List, No. 123. Brot, List, p. 38. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 439.
148. G. gram ine a, Haldeman, MSS.
149. G. g i b b o s a, Lea.
Melania gibbosa, Lea, Philos. Proc, ii. p. 34, April, 1841. Philos. Trans, x.
♦This shell reminds us of a young olivula, Con., but differs from that species in texture. •(•Differs from ebenum. Lea, in being smaller, narrower, and more angulate at the periphery. | Uuhrer c .lored and more rounded than iostoma, Anthjuy. Mr. Lea considers that species to be identical with ebenum. \- Simplex, Say?
[Feb.
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 41
p. 301, t. 30, f. 12. Obs. v. p. 57, t. 30. f. 12. Binney, Check List, No. 121. Brot, List, p. 40.
150. G. Va n u xe m i i, Lea.
Goniobasis Vanuxemii, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 265, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. p. 307, t. 37, f. 146. Obs. ix. p. 129.
151. G. c o g n at a, Anthony.
Melanin cognata, Anthony, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 60, Feb., 1860. Binney, Check List, No. 59. Brot, List, p. 39. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 458,
152. G. Ge o rgian a, Lea.
Goniobasis Georgiana, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 265, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 308, t. 37, f. 149. Obs. ix. p. 130.
153. G. abrupt a, Lea.
Melania abrupta, Lea, Philos. Proc, iv. p. 165. Philos. Trans., x. p. 59, t. 9, f. 32. Obs. iv. p. 59, t. 9, f. 32. Binney, Check List, No. 2. Brot, List, p. 37. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 397.
154. G. d e p y g i s, Say.
Melania depggis, Say, New Harmony Disseminator, p. 291. Say's Reprint, p. 19. Am. Conchology, Part 1, t. 8, f. 4, 5. Binney's Reprint, p. 145 and 157, t. 8. Binney, Check List, No. 87. Lapham, Cat. Moll. Wis- consin. Kirtland, Am. Jour. Sci. Kirtland, Rep. Zool. Ohio, p. 174. Shaffer, Catalogue. Higgins, Catalogue. Anthony, List, 1st and 2d Edit. Sager, Rept. Michigan Moll., p. 15. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 25. DeKay, Moll. N. Y., p. 89, t. 7, f. 135. Stimpson, Shells of New- England, p. 32. Jay, Cat. Shells, 4th Edit , p. 273. Adams, Am. Jour. Sci., xl. p. 366. Adams, Thompson's Hist. Vermont, p. 152. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc, p. 1§6. Brot, List, p. 37. Deshayes, Lamark, Anim. sans. Vert., viii. p. 441. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 373.
Melania occulta, Anthony, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 5, Feb., 1860. Binney, Check List, No. 185. Brot, List, p. 38. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 254.
155. G. 1 i v es c en s, Menke.
Melania livescens, Menke, Syn. Meth., p. 135, 1830. Binney, Check List, No.
163. Gould, Lake Superior, p. 245. Jay, Cat., 4th Edit., p. 274.
Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 229. Brot, List, p. 38. Currier, Shells of
Grand River Valley, Mich., 1859. Melania Niagarensis* Lea, Philos. Proc, ii. p. 12, Feb., 1841. Philos. Trans.,
viii. p. 173, t. 5, f. 21. Obs. iii. p. 11. DeKay, Moll. N. Y., p. 90.
Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 26. Binney, Check List, No. 175.
Catlow, Conch. Nomenc, p. 187. Brot, List, p. 38. Currier, Shells of
Grand River Valley, Mich. Bell, Canad. Naturalist, iv. pt. 3, p. 213,
June, 1859. Melania napella, Anthony, Bost. Proc, iii. p. 362, Dec, 1850. Binney,
Check List, No. 170. Brot, List, p. 59. Melania cuspidata, Anthony, Bost. Proc, iii. p. 362, Dec, 1850. Binney,
Check List, No. 83. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 283. Melania correcta, Brot, List, p. 39.
156. G. Milesii, Leaf
Goniobasis Milesii, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 154, May, 1863.
157. G. simplex, Say.
Melania simplex, Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. p. 126, Sept., 1825. Binney's Edition, p. 115. Binney, Check List, No. 244. Dekay, Moll. N. Y., p.
*In considering this species to be the same as livescens, I am sustained by the opinion of almost every American Conchologist. t Larger, more convex, and of thinner texture than livescens.
1864.]
42 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP
100. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 27. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp.
148. Jay, Cat., 4th Edit., p. 275. Brot, List, p. 38. Melania Warderiana, Lea,* Philos. Proc, ii. p. 14, Feb., 1841. Philos.
Trans., viii. p. 185, t. 6, f. 47. Obs. iii. p. 23. DeKay, Moll. N. Y.,
p. 99. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc, p. 189. Binney, Check List, No. 297.
Brot, List, p. 39. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 353. Melania Wardiana, Lea, Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 27. Potadoma Warderiana, Lea, Chenu, Manual de Conchyl., i. f. 1972. Melania densa, Anthony, Bost. Proc, iii. p. 360. Dec, 1850. Binney,
Check List, No. 89. Brot, List, p. 31. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 250.
158. G. P o t o sien sis, Lea.f
Melania Potosiensis, Lea, Philos. Proc, ii. p. 14, Feb., 1841. Philos. Trans., viii. p. 184, t. 6, f. 45. Obs. iii. p. 22. DeKay, Moll. N. Y., p. 99. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 26. Binney, Check List, No. 215. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc, p. 188. Brot, List, p. 36. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 295.
159. G. torta, Lea.
Melania torta, Lea, Philos. Proc. iv. p. 165, Ang. 1845. Philos. Trans., x. p. 58, t. 9, f. 30. Obs. iv. p. 58. Binney, Check List, No. 272. Brot, List, p. 39. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 377.
160. G. S afford i, Lea.
Melania Saffordi, Lea, Philos., Trans. X. p. 300, t. 30, f. 10. Obs. v. p. 56.
Binney, Check List, No. 236. Brot, List, p. 38. Reeve, Monog. Melania,
sp. 365. Melania virens, Anthony, Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 93, t. 2, f. 11, Mar,
1854. Binney, Check List, No. 289. Brot, List, p. 40.
161. G. Newberryi, Lea.
Goniobasis Newberryi, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. March 20, 1860. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 300, t. 37, f. 135, Mar. 1863. Obs. is. p. 122. Binney, Check List, No. 174. Brot, List, p. 38.
162. G. bul bosa,i Gould.
Melania bulbosa, Gould, Bost. Proc. ii. p. 225, July, 1847. Otia Concholo- gica, p. 46. Moll. Expl. Exped. p. 142, f. 163, 163a. 1852. Binney, Check List, No. 43. Brot, List, p. 58.
163. G. Lithasioides, Lea.
Goniobasis Lithasioides, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., May, 1863.
164. G.infantula, Lea.
Goniobasis infantula, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., May, 1863.
165. G. Louisvillensis, Lea.
Goniobasis Louisvillensis, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., May, 1863.
H. Smooth, elevated species.
166. G. pulchella,g Anthony.
Melania pulehella, Anthony, Bost. Proc iii. p. 361, Dec. 1850. Higgins, Cata- logue, p. 7. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 257. Binney, Check List, No. 221. Brot, List, p. 38. Currier, Shells of Grand River Valley, Mich.
* I am much indebted to Prof. Haldeman for the opportunity of studying the excellent suite of specimens collected by himself in Holston River, which conclusively proves the identity of these
flTIPfM PR
| Were it not for the wide difference of habitat, I should suspect this to be the same as simplex
° tThis species is exactly similar in outline to Mr. Lea's Newberryi, but none of the specimens of bulbosa that I have seen, (including Dr. Gould's types), exhibit the slightest indication ot bands, while Mr. Lea declares his species to be always banded, 2 Shell more elevated than depygis, which it resembles in color and ornamentation.
[ret>.
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 43
•
167. G. c i n er e a, Lea.
Uoniobasis cinerea, Lea, Proc. Aad. Nat. Sci., p. 265, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 306, t. 37, f. 145. Obs. ix. p. 128.
168. G. gracilior, Anthony.
Melania gracilis,* Anthony, Cover of No. 4. Haldeman's Monog. Limniades, Dec. 28, 1841. Shells of Cincinnati, 1st Edit. Newberry, Proc. Amer- ican Association for Adv. of Science, v. p. 105. Jay, Cat. 4th Edit., p. 273.
Melania gracilior, Anthony, Ann. N. Y, Lye. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 129, t. 1, f. 5, 1854. Higgins, Cat. p. 7. Binney, Check List, No, 127. Reeve, Mo- nog. Melania, sp. 244.
Melania gracilis, Lea, Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 369.
169. G. Etowahensis,f Lea.
Goniobasis Elowahensis, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 264, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 299, t. 37, f. 133, Mar. 1863. Obs. ix. p.
170. G. translucens, Anthony, (MSS.)
171. G. ovoidea,J Lea.
Melania ovoidea, Lea, Philos. Proc. iv. p. 167, Aug. 1845. Philos. Trans., x. p. 61, t. 9, f, 38. Obs. iv. p. 61. Binney, Check List, No. 193. Brot, List, p. 38.
172. G. grata, Anthony.
Melania grata, Anthony, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 61, Feb. 1860. Binney,
Check List, No. 131. Brot, List, p. 34. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp
433. Goniobasis Prairiensis,$ Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat, Sci., p. 264, 1862. Jour.
Acad. Nat. Sc, v. pt. 3, p, 299, t. 37, f. 132., Mar. 1863. Obs. ix. p.
121.
173. G. quadricincta, Lea, (MSS).
174. G. f 1 a v a , Lea.
Goniobasis fiava, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 264, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 303, t. 37, f. 139, Mar. 1863. Obs. ix. p. 125.
175. G. tenebrovittata, Lea.
Goniobasis tenebrovittata, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 264, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 301, t. 37, f. 136, Mar. 1863. Obs. ix. p. 123.
176. G. ten era, Anthony.
Melania tcnera,\\ Anthony, Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 407, Apr. 1861. Brot,
List, p. 39. Goniobasis Brumbyi, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 263, 1862. Jour. Acad.
Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 296, t. 37, f. 127, Mar. 1863. Obs. ix. p. 118.
G. spnrca,| Lea.
Melania spurca, Lea, Philos, Proc. iv. p. 166, Aug. 1845. Philos. Trans., x. p. 59, t. 9, f. 31. Obs. iv. p. 59. Binney, Check List, No. 248. Brot, List, p. 31.
178. G. Elliottii, Lea.
Goniobasis Elliottii, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 27l, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p 338, t. 38, f. 201, Mar. 1863. Obs. ix. p. 160.
* Preoccupied by Mr. Lea.
t Preoccupied for a nodose species, also from Georgia.
IMr. Reeve's figure 405, intended for this species, represents a species of I/ith a. ii'a.
\ Mr. Lea described this species under the misapprehension that the wider shell, which he now proposes to call quadricincta, was the species described as grata by Mr. Anthony, whereas, Mr. Anthony's types are of the narrow form.
|| G. tenera is the young shell.
If Mr. Reeve's figure 340 does not represent this species.
1864.]
44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP
179. G. pallescens, Lea. Melania pallesccns, Lea, Philos. Proc. iv. p. 166, Aug. 1845. Philos. Trans., x. p. 63, t. 9, f. 43. Obs. iv. p. 63. Binney, Check List, No. 196. Brot, List, p. 31. Goniobasis inosculata* Lea, Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci., p. 270, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 334, t. 38, f. 195, Mar. 1863. Obs. ix. p. 156.
180. G. parva, Lea.
Goniobasis parva, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 264, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 297, t. 37, f. 129, Mar. 1863. Obs. ix. p. 119.
181. G. Ocoeensis,f Lea.
Melania Ocoeensis, Lea, Philos. Proc. ii. p. 12, Feb. 1841. Philos. Trans., viii., p. 169, t. 5, f. 13. Obs. Hi. p. 7. DeKay, Moll. N. Y., p. 94. Troost, Cat. Shells Tennessee. Brot, List, p. 38. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 26. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc. p. 188.
Melania Ocoensis, Lea, Binney, Check List, No. 186.
Fotadoma Ocoensis, Lea, Chenu. Man. de Conch, i. f. 1969.
182. G. Anthonyi, Lea.
Goniobasis Anthonyi, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.,p 264, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 303, t. 37, f. 140, Mar. 1863. Obs. ix. p. 125.
183. G. Cahawbensis, Lea.
Melania Cahawbensis, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 121, 1861. Goniobasis Cahawbensis, Lea, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 223, Mar. 1863. Obs. ix. p. 45.
184. G. E sta broo ki i, Lea.
Goniobasis Estabrookii, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 264, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 298, t. 37, f. 131, Mar. 1863. Obs. ix. p. 120.
185. G. Gabbiana, Lea.
Goniobasis Gabbiana, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 265, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 304, t. 37, f. 141, Mar. 1863. Obs. ix. p. 126.
186. G. sub sol id a, J Lea.
Melania subsolida, Philos. Proc. ii. p. 12, Feb. 1841. Philos. Trans., viii. p. 168, t. 5, f. 12. Obs. iii. p. 6. Troost, Cat. Shells Tenn. Binney, Check List, No. 255. "Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 27. DeKay, Moll. N. Y., p. 94. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc. p. 188. Brot, List, p. 39.
Melania sordida, Lea, Philos. Proc. ii. p. 12, Feb. 1841. Philos. Trans., viii. p. 170 t. 5. f. 15. Obs., iii. p. 8. DeKay, Moll. N. Y., p. 94. Reeve, Mo- nog. Melania, sp. 449. Jay, Cat. 4th Edit., p. 275. Troost, Cat. Shells Tennessee. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc. p. 188. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 27. Binney, Check List, No. 246. Brot, List, p. 33.
Fotadoma sordida, Lea, Chenu, Manuel de Conchyl. i. f. 1971.
Melania perfusca, Lea, Philos. Proc. ii. p. 82, Oct. 1841. Philos. Trans., ix. p. 18. Obs. iv. p. 18. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 26. Jay, Cat. 4th Edit., p. 274. Binney, Check List, No. 201. Brot, List, p. 31. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 354.
Melania incurta, Anthony, Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 300. Brot, List, p. 38.
187. G. cl a v ae f o r m i s , Lea.
Melania clavieformis , Lea, Philos. Proc. ii. p. 12, Feb. 1841. Philos. Trans, viii. p. 168, t. 5, f. 10. Obs., iii. p. 6. DeKay, Moll. N. Y., p. 93. Jay, Cat. 4th Edit., p. 273. Troost, Cat. Shells Tennessee. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 25. Reeve, Monog. Melaina, sp. 396. Binney, Check List, No. 57. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc, p. 186. Brot, List, p. 37.
*I regard this as the half grown shell of pallescens, f Mr. Reeve's figure 335 does not represent this species.
j An extensive suite of specimens before me, furnished through the kindness of Messrs. Gould and Haldeman, convinces me that the above descriptions all apply to one variable species.
[Feb.
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 45
188. G. castanea, Lea.
Melania castanea, Lea, Philos. Proc ii. p. 11. Pbilos. Trans., viii., p. 164, t. 5„. f. 2. Obs, iii. p. 2. DeKay, Moll. N. Y., p. 92. Troost, Cat. Shells Tennessee. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 24. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 337.
189. G. Cumberlandiensis, Lea.
Goniobasis Cumberlandiensis, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 155, May, 1863.
190. G. funebralis,* Anthony.
Melania funebralis, Anthony, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 56, Feb. 1860. Binney, Check List, No. 114. Brot, List, p. 38. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 372.
191. G. adusta, Anthony.
Melania adnata, Anthony, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 55, Feb. 1860. Binney, Check List, No. 2. Brot, List, p. 37. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 338.
192. G. furva, Lea.
Melania furva, Lea, Philos. Trans., x. p. 299, t. 30, f. 7. Obs., v. p. 55. Bin- ney, Check List. No. 115. Brot, List, p. 38.
193. G. dubiosa,Lea.
Melania dubia,f Lea, Philos. Proc. ii. p. 11, Feb. 1841.
Melania dub iosa, Lea, Philos. Trans., viii. p. 166, t. 5, f. 6. Obs. iii. p. 4. DeKay, Moll. N. Y., p. 93. Binney, Check List, No. 91. Troost Cat. Shells Tennessee. "Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 25. Jay, Cat. 4th Edit., p. 273. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc. p. 186. Brot, List, p. 37.
194. G. laevigata, J Lea.
Melania lavis, Lea, Philo9. Proc. ii. p. 237, Dec. 1842. Philos. Trans., viii.
p. 248. Obs. ii. p. 86. Melania laevigata, Lea, Proc. Philos. Soc. ii. p. 237. Philos. Trans., vii.
p. 165, t. 5, f. 3. Obs. iii. p. 3. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 26.
Catlow, Conch. Nomenc. p. 187. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 459. Melania Leaii,§ Brot, List, p. 34.
195. G. i n t e r 1 i n e at a , Anthony, (MSS.)
196. G. 0 h i o e n s i s , Lea.
Goniobasis Ohioensis, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 265, 1852. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 306, t. 37, f. 144. Obs. ix. p. 128.
197. G. brevispira, Anthony.
Melania brevispira, Anthony, Bost. Proc. iii. p. 361, Dec. 1850. Binney, Check List, No. 39. Jay, Cat. 4th Edit., p. 474. Brot, List, p. 37. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 263.
198. S. s e ra ic a r in ata ,|| Say.
Melania semicarinata, Say, New Harmony Disseminator, p. 261. Reprint, p. 16. American Conchology, Part 5, t. 47, f. 4. Binney 's Reprint, p. 142,200. Binney, Check List, No. 240. DeKay, Moll. N. Y., p. 100. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 368. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S. p. 27. Jay, Cat. Shells 4th Edit., p. 275. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc, p. 188. Brot, List, p. 38. Kennicott, Trans. Ills. State Agricul. Soc. p. 595.
* Narrower and more lengthened than the nearly allied G. adusta. It has not the pale yellow- ish Butural band of that species.
f Preoccupied.
1 1 doubt whether this is niore than an immature stage of dubiosa.
| Proposed by Mr. Brot, because beeigata is preoccupied in Melania; but that name must stand, as it is not preoccupied in Goniobasis.
j| The shells included in the above extensive synonymy present some variation in form and co- loration, but in an examination of several thousand specimens I was unable to separate the so- called species satisfactorily. G. semicarinata. Say, is the young shell, which, when old, varies in form, being narrow in angustispira and exilis, and broader in the other synonyms. The species inhabits an extensive range of country.
1864.]
46 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP
Melania anaustispira, Anthony, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 55, Feb. I860. Bin- ney, Check List, No. 16. Brot, List, p. 37.
Melania angusta, Anthony, Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 359. *
Melania exilic, Haldeman, suppl. to No. 1 Monog, Limniades, Oct. 1840.
Melania rufula, Haldeman, Monog. Limniades, No. 2, p. 3 of Cover, January, 1841. Binney, Check List, No. 234. Brot, List, p. 39.
Melania Kirtlandiana, Lea, Philos. Proc. ii. p. 11, Feb. 1841. Philos. Trans., viii., p. 165, t. 5, f. 4. Obs. iii. p. 3. Anthony, Caf. 1st Edit. Higgins, Cat. DeKay, Moll. N. Y., p. 92. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 25. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 361. Binney, Check List, No. 155. Brot, List, p. 36. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc, p. 187.
Melania Kirtlandia, Lea, Philippi, Beschreib, Neuer Conchyl. Melania, t. 3. f. 8.
Melania elata, Authony, Bost. Proc. iii. p. 362, Dec. 1850. Binney, Check List, No. 95. Brot, List, p. 37. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sn. 331.
Melania bico/orata, Anthony, Bost. Proc. iii. p. 361, Dec. 1850. Binney, Check List, No. 32. Brot, List, p. 58.
Melania bicolor, Anthony, Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 265
Melania inornata, Anthony, Bost. Proc. iii. p. 360. Dec. 1850.
Melania succinulata, Anthony, Bost. Proc. iii. p. 363, Dec. 1850. Binney, Check List, No. 258. Brot, List, p. 59.
Melania varicosa, Ward, Haldeman, Monog. Limniades, Part iii. p. 3 of Cover, Mar. 13, 1854. Anthony, List, 1st and 2d Editions. Jay, Cat. 4th Edit., p. 275. Binney, Check List, No. 284. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc. p. 189.
Melania livida, Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 434. Brot, List, p. 30.
Goniobasis Grosvenorii, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 263, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 297, t. 37, f. 128, Mar. 1863. Obs. ix. p. 119.
Melania babylonica* Lea, Philos. Proc. ii. p. 14, Feb. 1841. Philos. Trans., viii. p.' 183, t. 6, f. 43. Obs. iii. p. 21. DeKay, Moll, N. Y., p. 98. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S. p. 24. Binney, Check List, No. 26. Cat- low, Conch. Nomenc. p. 185. Brot, List, p. 36.
199. G. Haldemani, Tryon, (MSS.)
Melania acuta, Lea, Bell, Canadian Nat. iv. pt. 3, p. 213. Lewis, Bost.
Proc. vi. p 2. Melania exilis, Haldeman, Adams, Moll. Vermont.
200. G. curvilabris, Anthony.
Melania curvilabris, Anthony, Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 102, t. 3, f. 1, Mar. 1854. Binney, Check List, No. 82. Brot, List, p. 31. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 378.
201. G. i n f o r m i s , Lea.
Goniobasis informis, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 154, May, 1863.
202. G. vi 1 1 a tell a, Lea.
Goniobasis vittatella, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 155, May, 1863.
203. G. Alexandrensis, Lea.
Melania Alexandrensis, Lea, Philos. Proc. iv. p. 167. Philos. Trans., x. p. 61, t. 9, f. 37. Obs. iv. p. 61. Binney, Check List, No. 8. Brot, List, p. 37.
204. G. Haleiana, Lea.
Melania Haleiana, Lea, Philos. Proc. iv. p. 167, Aug. 1845. Philos. Trans., x. p. 60. t. 9, f. 35. Obs. iv. p. 60. Binney, Check List, No. 134. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 406.
205. G. rubella, Lea.
Goniobasis rubella, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 270, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 332, t. 38, f. 191, Mar. 1863. Obs. ix. p. 154.
* A ecalariform monstrosity.
[Feb.
NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 47
206. G. spinel la, Lea.
Goniobasis spinella, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 264, 18C2. Jour. Acad. Na,t. Sc, v. pt. 3, p. 298, t. 37, f. 130, Mar. 1863. Obs. ix. p. 120.
207. G. Draytonii, Lea.
Goniobasis Draytonii, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 264, 1862. Jour. Acad.
Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 300, t. 37, f. 134, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 122. Goniobasis nigrina,. Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc, p. 263, 1862. Jour. Acad.
Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 299, t. 37, f. 133. Obs. ix. p. 121.
208. G. p r o x i m a , Say.
Melania proxima, Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 126, Sept. 1825. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 275. Binney'a Edit, of Say, p. 115. Binney, Check List, No. 220. DeKay, Moll. N. Y., p. 99. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 26. Gibbes' Report, p. 19. Jay, Cat. 4th Edit., p. 274. Brot, List, p. 38. Melania carinata* Ravenel, Cat. p. 11, 1834. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p.
24. Binney, Check List, No. 47. Melania Taitiana, Lea, Philos. Proc, ii. p. 11, Feb., 1841. Philos. Trans, viii. p. 165, t. 5, f. 5. Obs. iii. p. 3. DeKay, Moll. N. Y., p. 92. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 27. Jay, Cat., 4th edit., p. 275. Binney, Check List, No. 264. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc, p. 189. Reeve, Monog. Mela- nia, sp. 444. Brot, List, p. 37. Melania rufa, Lea, Philos. Proc, ii. p. 12, Feb., 1841. Philos. Trans., viii. p. 167, t. 5, f. 8. Obs. iii. p. 5. Troost, Cat. Shells Tennessee. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 26. Catlow, Conch. Ncmenc, p. 188. Melania rufescens, Lea, DeKay, Moll. N. Y., p. 93. Jay, Cat., 4th edit., p.
274. Binney, Check List, No. 233. Brot, List, p. 37. Melania approximata, Haldeman, Monog. Lirnnindes, No. 4, p. 4 of Cover, Dec. 28, 1841. Jay, Cat., 4th edit., p. 272. Binney, Check List, No. 18. Brot, List, p. 36. Melania abjecta,f Haldeman, Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 341. Brot, List,
p. 34. Goniobasis rubricata, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 271, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 335, t. 38, f. 197. Obs. ix. p. 157, t. 38, f. 197.
I. Striate species, spire elevated.
209. G. V ir gini c a, Gmelin.
Buccinum Virginica, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. . Green, Trans., Alb.
Inst., i. p. 135. Wood, Index Test., t. 24, f. 154.
Paludina Virginica, Say, Nicholson's Encyc, iii. t. 2, f. 4.
Melania Virginica, Say, Am. Conch., pt. 5, t. 47, f. 2. App. to Long's Exped., ii. p. 265. Binney's Edit., p. 131 and 199. Binney, Check List, No. 291. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc, p. 189. Philippi, Netier Conchylien Melania, t. 2, f. 12. Hildreth, Am. Jour. Science, xxxi. p. 53. Sager, Rept. Zool. Mich., p. 15. Conrad, Am. Jour. Science, N. S., i. p. 407. Haldeman, Rupps Hist. Lancaster County, Pa., p. 479. Haldeman, Am. Jour. Sci., xli. p. 22. DeKay, Moll. N. Y., p. 90, t. 7, f. 141. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 27. Hartman, Catalogue Shells Chester Co., Pa. Brot, List, p, 35. Girard, Proc. National Inst., i. No. 2, p. 82. Jay, Cat,, 4th edit., p. 275. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 321.
Limnxa Virginica, Say, Short and Eaton, Notices, p. 82.
Juga Virginica, Say, Chenu, Man. de Couchyl. i. f. 2019.
Melania mullilmeata, Say, Jour. Acad. Nat Sci., ii. p. 380, Dec 1822. Am.
*I make this a synonym on the authority of Dr. Jay.
1 1 doubt whether this shell really came from Arkansas, although the established geographical distribution of proxima is very great.
1864.]
48 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP
Conchology, pt. 5, t. 47, f. 2. Binney's Edit., p. Ill and 199. Binney,
Check List, No. 169. DeKay, Moll. Rept. to Regents, p. 32. Moll. N.
York, p. 97. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 26. Hartman, Cat.
Shells Chester Co., Penna. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc, p. 187. Girard,
Proc. Nat. Inst., i. No. 2, p. 82, March, 1856. Philippi, Neiier Con-
chyl. Melania, t. 2, f. 13. Melania ateriscalpium* Menke. Melania curta, Menke, Syn. Meth., p. 135, 1830. Melania fasciata, Menke, Syn. Meth., p. 136, 1830. Melania bizonalis, DeKay, Moll. N. Y., p. 91, t. 7, f. 140, a. b. 1843. Binney,
Check List, No. 35. Melania Buddii, DeKay, Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 24. Melania gemma,-f DeKay, Moll. N. Y., p. 91, t. 7, f. 142, 1843. Binney, Check
List, No. 119. Brot, List, p. 38. Melania striggilata, Muhlfeldt,f in Litt. Melania inem/a, Anthony, Bost. Proc, iii., p. 362, Dec, 1850. Binney,
Check List, No. 145. Brot, List, p. 58.
210. G. s ul cos a, Lea.g
Melania sulcosa, Lea, Philos. Proc. ii. p. 14, Feb., 1841. Philos. Trans., viii. p. 185. t. 6, f. 48. DeKay, Moll. N. Y., p. 99. Troost, Cat. Shells Tenn. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc, p. 189. Binney, Check List, No. 259. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 27. Brot, List, p. 35.
Ceriphasia sulcosa, Lea, Chenu, Man. de Conchyl. i. f. 1957.
211. G. Buddii, Lea.
Melania Buddii, Lea, Philos. Proc. iv. p. 165. Philos. Trans, x. p. 64, t. 9, f. 44. Obs. iv. p. 64. Binney, Check List, No. 42. Jay, Cat., 4th Edit., p. 273. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 324.
212. G. Tr oos tiana, Lea.
Melania Troostiana, Lea, Philos. Proc, ii. p. 34, April, 1841. Philos. Trans., p. 92, t. 23, f. 86. Obs. ii. p. 92. DeKay, Moll. N. York, p. 100. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 27. Binney, Check List, No. 276. Troost, Cat. Shells Tenn. Jay, Cat., 4th Edit., p. 275. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc, p. 189. Brot, List, p. 35. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 339.
213. G. 1 at i t an s, Anthony.
Melania latitar.s, Anthony, Ann. Lye Nat. Hist. New York, vi. p. 88, t. 2, f. 6, March, 1854. Binney, Check List, No. 159. Brot, List, p. 34.
214. G. p or r e eta, Lea.
Goniobasis porrecta, Lea, Proc Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 155, May, 1863.
215. G. sculp til is, Lea.
Melania sculp tilts, Lea, Philos. Trans., x. p. 297, t. 30, f. 3. Obs. v. p. 53, t. 30, f. 3. Binney, Check List, No. 238. Brot, List, p. 38.
216. G. c r e n at ella, Lea.
Melania crenatella, Lea, Proc Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 268, t. 35, f. 79, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. . Binney, Check List, No. 76. Brot, List, p. 34. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 457.
* Prof. Haldeman was the first naturalist who identified the various descriptions of Jleuke with firginica. Philippi has since figured some of these as varieties of that species.
f This shell has been refened both to Virginica and to depygis by American Authors. I do not give a confident opinion as to its proper place. About bizonalis of DeKay there can be no doubt.
J Teste Philippi, Neuer Conchyl.
\ When perfect specimens of this shell are obtained, it may prove to be a Pleurocera instead of a iloniobasis.
[Feb.
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 49
March 1st. Vice-President Vaux in the Chair.
Eleven members present.
The following were presented for publication : —
" Synonymy of the Strepomatidae of North America." By Geo. W. Try on, Jr.
" Thoughts on the Influence of Ether upon the Solar System." By A. Wilcocks, M. D. Part III.
March Sth.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.
Thirty members present. The following was presented for publication :
" Additions to the Catalogue of Stars which have changed their colors." By Jacob Ennis.
March Ibth. Vice-President Vaux in the Chair.
Twenty members present.
The following were presented for publication :
" Note on the Nomenclature of Genera and Species of Echenei- doidse," and " Description of a new labroid Genus allied to Trochoco- pus." By Theo. Gill.
" New Species of Mordellestina collected in Illinois." By C A. Helmuth, M. D.
Notes on the Birds of Jamaica." By "W. T. March, with remarks by S. P. Baird. Part III.
Dr. Leconte remarked, that his attention had been called to the following passage in the Report on the progress of Entomology, by Dr. Gerstaecker, in the last number of Truschel's Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, in which he refers to the Classification of the Coleoptera of North America, Part 1, by Dr. Leconte.
" Die Stylopiden setzt der Verf. unter die Heteromeren,, beirerkt aber das die Tarsen nicht heteromer seieu, was richtig ist. Friiher habe man sie als eigne Ordnung betrachtet, aber die Kenntniss ihrer Verwandlungen, und eine gen- auere, [more rigid !] Interpretation ihrer auseren Baues habe fast alle [nearly all!] Systematiker dazu bestimmt, sie unter die Kiifer zu bringen. (Welche Charactere hat ein Strepsipteron mit einem Kiifer gemein ? — Keinen ! Wo sind die Ubereinstimmungen der Larven und ihrer Lebensweise ? Die Strepsipte- ren Larven leben parasitiseh in Hinterleibe von Hymenopteren, die Meloi'den Larven nahren sich von Honig ; beide haben also in der Lebensweise nichts untereinander gemein.'')
"In Elementarbuchern solite man Absurditaten am Wenigsten fur baare Miinze ausgeben !"
I do not propose here to enter into a discussion of the views which have in- duced Lacordaire, Burmeister, Newman and Schaum to consider Stylopidse as a family of Coleoptera, an opinion which many others have silently acquiesced in. The subject was considered nearly exhausted, until reopened by Duval, in
1864.] 4
50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP
his note on the order Rhipiptera, (Gen. Col. Europe, 3,419), published subse- quently to my work on Classification.
I will, however, answer briefly the questions asked by Dr. Gerstaecker in the passage above cited.
The characters common to a Strepsipteron and various Coleoptera are these : 1. Hypermetamorphosis of the larva, (Sfeloidse) ; 2. Parasitism, (Rhipidias) ; 3. Retention of the Pupa within the skin of the larva, (Lampyridae, tribe Lycini, genus Calopteron) ; 4. Unfitness of anterior wings for flight, (a character also found in Orthoptera and Hemiptera, which, however, have no metamorphosis) ; 5. Large development of metathoracic segment.
Even if the Stylopida? are considered as a distinct order — Strepsiptera — it will be necessary to place them immediately after the Coleoptera.
In view of the great variation of characters found in Coleoptera, it would seem rational to consider Stylopidse as an extreme and degraded form of that order, rather than to regard such a small number of objects, closely related in form, structure and habits, as an equivalent to the great orders Coleoptera, Orthop- tera and Hemiptera, with which alone they can be morphologically compared, (characters 4 and 5).
The information given by Dr. Gerstaecker regarding the difference in food and manner of life between the larva? of Meloidce and Stylopidae, though not original, is doubtless quite interesting, but seems to imply that I had compared them together, which is not correct.
Mr. Cassin called the attention of the Academy to the collection of birds presented this evening by the Smithsonian Institution, and particularly referred to several species of great rarity and scientific value. The Didunculus strigiros- Iris is one of two species of birds now known to be approaching extinction, the other species being Alca impennis. which is also in the Academy Museum. Thi3 bird is the most nearly allied to the extinct Dodo, formerly of the Isle of France, and inhabits the Samoan or Navigator Islands. Its extinction or approach to it is said to be owing to the introduction into those islands of the domestic cat. Not more than four or five specimens are known to be extant.
Other little known types were pointed out and exhibited to the Academy, 9uch as Carpophaga Aurorse, Carpophaga latrans, Artamus meiilalis and others. Thi3 interesting series is from the collection of the Uniied States Exploring Expedition of the Vincennes and Peacock, and is presented to the Academy by the Smithsonian Institution.
March 22d. Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.
Seventeen members present.
The following were presented for publication :
" Critical llemarks on the Genera Sebastes and Sebastodes," and " Second Contribution to the SeJacology of California." By Theo. Gill.
" A Critical review of the Family Procellaridse ; Part I." By E. Coues, M. D.
"Thoughts on the Influence of Ether ou the Solar System; Part IV." By Alex. VVilcocks, M. D.
March 29th.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair. Seventeen members present.
[March
NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 51
On report of the respective committees, the following were ordered to be published : —
Additions to the Catalogue of STARS which have Changed their Colors ; or which have appeared with different Colors at different times.*
BY JACOB ENNIS.
Sirius. — On the re-appearance of this star during the months of November and December, 1863, I very carefully watched its color, Its decided change of appearance since the early part of the year greatly interested me. Instead of a full bright green, it was of a pale yellowish green. During those two months the atmosphere passed through the extremes of variability, but the pale yellow- ish green of Sirius remained constant. On the 29th of December I asked Dr. Wilcocks, the discoverer of its being purple three years ago, how Sirius ap- peared to him now? Without knowing my opinion, and without any hesita- tion, he answered, " It is not as green as it was when visible last winter." This coincidence of his views with my own confirms the idea that he was not mistaken three years ago, as he since supposed, when he regarded the color of Sirius to be violet. According to these evidences this great star has had five distinct colors : red during the ancient times ; white in 1850, and subsequently ; violet in 1861 ; full green in the autum and winter of 1862 — 3 ; pale yellowish green in November and December of 1863.
Note of April 19th, 1864. The above observations were written early in January. For the last three or four weeks the green color of Sirius has again been tinged with blue; but this evening no blue is visible, and the yellow mingled with the green is conspicuous. In this I am confirmed by a member of the Academy whose powers of observation are remarkably good. The clear- ness of the atmosphere is perfect, but the moon is large and bright, and 1 have a suspicion that the yellow of Sirius, though in a different quarter of the heavens, may be due to the moon's reflected rays. The following portions of this paper, except that on No. 21, were written previous to the 10th of Novem- ber, 1863, at which date they were presented.
Altair and Deneb, or Alpha Cygni. — The former of these 6tars was de- scribed by Humboldt in 1850 as yellow and the latter as white. They were numbered 18 and 19 in this Catalogue, and announced to be blue in June, 1863. I had watched them for several months nearly every clear night, and, on the 20th of August, I first noticed that they were green. On all good nights since then they have appeared to myself and to others, whose opinions 1 have solicited, to be conspicuously green ; but on damp, slightly ha«y nights, from the effects of the atmosphere, they appear blue. It is rather oppressive for me to make this announcement, for I have been obliged already, in a former communication, to say that two other large stars, Sirius and Vega, had changed from blue to green. Certainly this change does not arise from any peculiari- ties of vision, for I have in all cases carefully consulted the views of others and found them to accord with my own. I know not how to attribute the change to atmospheric causes, for I had observed them all, except Sirius, to be blue several months before, in all weathers.
Vega. — For the last four or five weeks, thi3 star has not appeared to me as green as during last summer. Its rather bluish appearance may, perhaps, be attributed to greater haziness of the atmosphere.
Castor. — See No. 10 of this Catalogue. In addition to the colors already given, the two companions of this double star have been described as follows . Yellow and yellowish by Sestini ; greenish yellow and green by Dembowski ;
* See these Proceedings for 1S63, pp. 26.96, 159.
1864.]
52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OJ?
bright and pale white by Webb ; yellow and warm yellow by Mis? Maria Mitchell.
20. Arcturus. — This is one of the stars denominated red by the ancients' In modern times, according to reliable observations, it has changed its color J. F. Julius Schmidt, formerly of Ulmutz, recently made Director of the AstFO- nornioal Observatory at Athens, and distinguished for his observations on variable stars, which he communicated to the Ast. Nach., says, that for eleven years he had considered Arcturus to be one of the reddest of the stars, and, especially in 1841, he had ranked it in color with Mars. To his surprise in 1852 he saw it to be yellow, and entirely destitute of any reddish hue. It then appeared to him by the naked eye lighter than Capella. Capella two years before had been described by Humboldt as yellow, with scarcely a tinge of red ; since then Capella has become blue. During the present year, 1863, I have dozens of times and in all weathers observed Arcturus to be decidedly orange, and of a clear, beautiful color. In this I have been confirmed by other observers. The colors of Arcturus may therefore be stated as having been red, yellow and orange.
References have already been made in this Catalogue to the changes of color in double and multiple stars. The numbers, such as 3 : 7J, immediately after the names of the fallowing double stars, indicate the magnitudes of the com- panions. The authorities are given after the colors. Some of these I have taken from the original papers, and some I have not so verified, but presume them all to be correct.
21. 95 Herculis, 5 : 5. — Hitherto catalogued as a diversely colored pair of stars to an extreme degree: one being described as apple green and the other as cherry red, and also as an astonishing yellow green and an egregious red. In 1856 — 58 they were nearly colorless and without any diversity of tint, and in this latter manner they were described by Struve in 1832 — 3, and by Sestini in 1844 — 5. Hence a probability of their being colorless once in about twelve years." — C. Piazzi Smyth.*
In the November number, 1863, of the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astro- nomical Society, a suggestion is made, from very high authority, that because the changes in the two companions have in all these cases been simultaneous, they are liable to the suspicion of having been produced by instrumental causes. But this apparent simultaneousness of change may have been pro- duced by a real change in only one of them. If the two stars were white and one of them were to change to an " egregious red," then by contrast in close proximity, from the well known principle of complementary colors, the other would necessarily appear green. The operation of this principle has been very conspicuous in this city during political demonstrations and celebrations, when bright red lights have been kept burning in the streets. The ordinary gas- lights all around them have appeared strongly green. It is submitted that this cause for the simultaneous change in both stars is more probable by far than that three different instruments, in the hands of three different men, in three different countries and at as many different periods, should all, from some un- known cause, fall into the same error ; and this not when directed at the stars generally, but only when pointed to a particular one.
22. Mizar, Zeta Ursa? Majoris, 3 : 4. — Both greenish white. Struve.
White and pale green. Webb.
Both yellow, the 4 has the deeper hue. Mitchell, 1860, April 30. f
23. Xi Bootis, 3\ : 6J.— Orange and purple. Webb. J
Pale yellow and Orange. Mitchell, 1862, July 6.
* See the Proceedings of the British Scientific Association fur 1863.
t See American Journal of Scienco and Art. July, 1863, for Miss Mitchell's observations. J For several valuable popular papers ou the double sturs, by the Kev. Mr. Webb, see the first f'xjr volumes of the JnteHectua.1 Observer, London.
[March
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 53
24. 32 Eridani, 5 : 7. — Bright yellow and flushed blue. Webb.
Orange yellow and pale blue. Mitchell, 18G1, Jan. 31. Yellow and pale green, very decided. Mitchell, 1862, Dec. 28. Yellow and green. Mitchell, 1863, Jan. 1.
25. Gamma Virginis, 4 : 4. — Silvery white and pale yellow. Webb.
Both yellow. Mitchell, 1860, Feb. 20.
26. 35 Piscium, 6 : 8. — White and purplish. Webb.
The 6 is light yellow. The 8 is peculiar ; there is a brown mingling with its reddish light. Mitchell, 1860, Jan. 2.
27. 23 Orionis, 5 : 7. — Greenish white and white. Struve.
Creamy white and blue. Webb.
The 7 is of a darkish color. Mitchell, 1860, Mar. 6.
28. 39 Ophiuchi, 53- : 73.— Pale orange and blue. 1838.
The 73- yellow!" Sestini, 1846. " bluish. Smyth, 1851. " clear blue. Webb, 1854.
29. Polaris, Alpha Ursas Minoris, 2| : 93- — Yellow and dull white. .Struve.
Yellow and blue. Sestini, Dawes, Webb.
30. Iota Cancri, 5} : 8.— The 8 deep garnet, Feb. 8, 1782; bluish Dec. 28,
1782 ; and blue, Mar. 12, 1785. Herschel, Sr. Pale orange and clear blue. Webb.
31. Sigma Scorpii, 4 : 93. — The 9} white. St6tini.
Dusky and plum color. Webb.
32. Delta Corvi, 3 : 8J. — The 8£ white. Sestini.
Pale yellow and purple. Webb.
33. Pi Bootis, 33 : 6.— Both white; a ruddy tinge sometimes in 6. Webb.
34. Alpha Herculis, 3j : 5J: — "Intense csernlea." Struve.
Orange and emerald. Webb.
35. Delta Serpentis, 3 : 5.— Yellow tints. Dembowski.
Bright white and bluish white. Webb. Both Bluish. Webb.
36. Eta Cassiopeae, 4 : 7|. — " Flava et purpurea." Struve, Fletcher.
Red and green. Herschel, Jr., South. Yellow and orange. Sestini. Dull white and lilac. Webb.
37. Iota Bootis, 4£ : 8. — The 8 azure. Sestini.
The 8 lilac. Webb, 1850.
Light yellow and dusky white. Webb, 1850.
38. 39 Bootis, 5J : 6j. — White and lilac. Some writers ascribe a bluish and
some a ruddy tint to 6£. Webb.
39. Epsilon Lyre. — The two companions of this double star are designated.
Epsilon 1 and Epsilon 2. Each of these again are double.
Epsilon 1, 5 : 6$. Yellow and ruddy. Webb.
During five years the 5 was bluish. Struve, Dembowski,
40. Gamma Cygni, 4 : 7. — Both white. Herschel, Sr.
Viridi-cserulea. Struve.
The 7 light emerald. Smyth, 1839.
Golden yellow and flushed grey. Webb, 1850.
41. Beta Lyrae. — A quadruple star; 3 : 8 : 83 : 9.
1864.]
54 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP
42. Gamrna Lyra?, of 3d magnitude. — Both these stars, Beta Lyra? and Gam-
Lyra;, seem to be changing their colors. Herschel, Sr., and South gave Beta as white. Next, Smyth, in 1834, gave the general im- pression as whi:e, the four companions being in the following order: very while and splendid, pale grey, faint yellow, light blue. He gave Gamma Lyra? then as being bright yellow. Schmidt re- garded the colors of both Beta and Gamma the same — yellowish white — from 1844 to 1855. Webb, in 1849 — 50, regarded Gamma as much less yellow than Beta, if not white. In 1862, the latter observer found Gamma the paler in tint, though the difference was not considerable. According to these statements Beta changed from white to yellow and Gamma from yellow to white. Both were of the same color, — yellowish white, — according to Schmidt, about 1844. The only discrepancy is Schmidt, for the latter portion of his time, the former portion being remarkably confirmative.
43. Eta Lyrae, 5 : 9. — Caerulea. Struve, during five years, about 1830.
Sky blue and violet. Webb, 1834. The 5, yellow. " 1849—50.
" pale yellow. " 18G2.
44. Gamma Aodrornedse, 3k : 5£. — Deep yellow and sea green. Webb, 1862.
The 5£ is double, and the colors of the two latter have been
given as follows : Subviridis et violacea. Secchi, 1856. Yellow and blue. Sir W. K. Murray, 1857.
" " Dawe3, Jacob.
45. Gamma Arietis, 4J : 5. — Both " egregie alba?." Struve, 1830.
White. Dembowski, 1852, 1854, 1856.
The same, either white or light yellow. Piazzi Smyth, 1856.
Full white and faint blue. Webb, 1862.
46. Iota Trianguli, 5J : T. — White or yellow and blue. Secchi.
Topaz yellow and green. Webb, 1862.
47. Gamma Ceti, 3 : 7.— The 7 tawny. Webb, 1850.
Pale yellow and lucid blue. Webb, 1863.
48. Gamma Leonis, 2 : 4. — White and reddish white. Herschel, Sr.
Bright orange and greenish yellow. Webb.
I ». 72 P. II. Cassiopea?, 4J : 7 : 9. — White, blue, ruddy violet. Dembow- ski. 1854—6. Pale yellow, lilac, blue. Webb, 1863.
50. Kappa Cepbei, 4] : 8^. — The 4 J greenish. Struve.
Pale yellow and blue. Webb, 1863.
51. Zeta Cephei, 5 : 7. — Yellowish and blue. Struve, 1831.
Both bluish. Smyth, 1839.
White and tawny or ruddy. Webb, 1850. Flushed white and pale lilac. " 1851.
. 40 Draconis, 5$ : 6. — Both white. Struve, 1832. Both white. Webb, 1839. Both white or yellowish. Webb, 1850. Both yellow, the 5J deeper. " 1856 and 1863.
53. 12 Canon) Venaticorum, 2£ : 6J. — White and red. Herschel, Sr.
" With all attention I could perceive no contrast of colors in the two stars." Herschel, Jr., 1830.
[March
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 55
Both wbite. Struve, 1830.
Yellow and blue. Sestini, 1844.
Full white and very pale wbite. Smylh, 1850.
White or ft little yellowish, and tawny or lilac. Webb, 1850.
Pale reddish white and lilac. Smyth, 1855.
White and pale olive blue. Dembowski, 1356.
Same as in 1850, but with very little contrast. Webb, 1862.
Flushed white and pale lilac. Webb, 1862.
54. Sigma Corona?, 6 : 6£. — Creamy wbite and smalt blue. Webb, 1862.
The 6.} has had many changes, as follows ; certainly not blue and differing very little from the other. South, 1825.
While. Struve, 1S36.
A yellow ashy and doubtful blue. Dembowski, 1854 — 57.
Sometimes blue, sometimes yellow. Secchi, 1855 — 57.
" At one time ruddy, at another time bluish, apparently changing white being looked at ; a versatility of hue which I have re- marked in other stars similarly circumstanced." Webb, 1850 — 5.
55. Mu Cygni, 5 : 6. — White and pale blue. Struve, 1831.
Yellow and more yellow. Sestini, 1844. Reddish yellow and olive. Dembowski, 1853 — 4. Clear light yellow and ashy yellow. Dembowski, 1S55. " The 5 yellow, while the 6 showed the curious effect of an unde- cided and changeable hue — blue and tawny." Webb, 1850 — 1. The 5 yellow. Webb, 1862. "Secchi's colors are here uncertain and variable."
56. Alpha Piscium, 5 : 6. — Greenish and pale blue. " There seems to be
something peculiar in the color of the smaller star, as to which observers are strongly at variance with each other, and even with themselves. Some see no contrast, some agree with Smyth, some find it tawny and ruddy. The details are curious but too long for insertion here. Other small stars show a similar uncer- tainty-" Webb. The frequent changes in some of these stars, — the last three or four of this Catalogue especially, — are remarkable, and seem inexplicable to astronomers. I presume the difficulty arises, not as is supposed from the atmosphere, or from the instruments, or from personal peculiarities, but chiefly from the frequency of the real changes in the stars. If, for instance, it be complained that " Secchi's colors are uncertain and variable," it is because in such instances the colors of the stars are uncertain aud variable.
An addition has been made to the title of this Catalogue to obviate the ob- jection that possibly some of the apparent changes of color of the stars may be merely the errors of observation, or the effects of the atmosphere, and not real changes in the celestial bodies. Nevertheless, an apparent change is a- fact in the constitution of the world, and deserves a notice and an explana- tion. From whatever causes these changes may arise, there is needed a faithful collection of all the facts in this department of astronomy. They are scattered about in many volumes and many various scientific depositories, and no one, as far as I am aware, has brought them together or made them a special study. But in making such a collection, or catalogue, no changes should be omitted. Whether we regard them as apparent or real, whether they be small or great, whether they may have been slow or sudden, none should be suppressed by the compiler in his catalogue. To admit some and reject others because in his opinion some are right and others are wrong, would be making his work a confused medley of facts and opinions unworthy of reliance. If, as appears undeniable, there be changes in the colors of the stars, then, from the nature of things, there may be small changes as well as great ones. To reject a re-
1864.]
56 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF
corded change simply because it is small, would therefore be a real misrepre- sentation of the case, and a virtual falsification of the records. Moreover, the colors as they stand recorded are from experienced observers, — men whose lives have been devoted to an accurate representation of facts, who do nothing without care and deliberation, and whose common and avowed practice is not to record any color when the atmosphere is not favorable for such obser- vations.
As already stated, there are difficulties in deciding on colors by the naked eye when the star is not large, and when the departure from white is small. But this difficulty is not in the way of large stars, as Arcturus and Sirius ; nor does it apply to the telescope, except in the very smallest magnitudes. To decide between two different colors, such as red and blue, is never difficult ; and when two colors are blended, it is the custom to name them both, a3 bluish green, reddish yellow, and the like. The disturbing effects of the atmosphere, or of the instrument, may be detected either immediately or after several nights of observation. The atmosphere cannot color one star and leave all the other stars in the same neighborhood uncolored. The telescope cannot act pecu- liarly on any one star ; it must treat all alike, especially of the same magni- tude and color. Simple comparison is therefore an admirable test ; and another important test is time — watchfulness every night through different changes of weather. If hereafter even this shall not beVound satisfactory in any one locality, then simultaneous observations at widely distant places will most certainly eliminate all suspicion of mistake. For instance, observations may be made at Australia, the Cape of Good Hope, and Chili in the southern hemisphere; and in the northern hemisphere both on the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of America, on the Atlantic coast of Europe, in Russia, and in Hindoostan. If the star shall prove of the same color at all these different regions at the same time in favorable weather, then that color may be regarded as unquestionable. Even by using one locality alone absolute certainty may be acquired, — as the red colors of Aldebaran, Betelgueze, and Antares. The same certainty may be looked for hi this as in other departments of astronomy, and even greater certainty than in many. There is an uncertainty, in opinions of wise men, of three millions of miles in the distance of the earth from the sun ; and yet this uncertain distance is used as a measuring line to fathom other and far greater distances. But this uncertainty to so large a degree does not take away from the supreme value of the determinations nevertheless. These determinations, with all their known reservations, are held as of the highest importance. So in the colors of the stars ; mistakes may be made, the intermixtures of error may certainly exist, though we cannot tell exactly where they are, and yet the present recorded observations are precious beyond estimation. And a time is coming when simultaneous observations from various positions in both hemispheres will render them beyond suspicion. To hasten on this time we have only to make good use of the materials already on hand.
Why the changes in the colors of the stars are not more frequently observed, was pointed out in a former communication. Why the belief in their real oc- currence is hard to be admitted, and why their observed changes are ascribed to supposable errors from the instruments, from the atmosphere, and from per- sonal deficiencies, seems to arise from the opinion that such vast bodies cannot possibly undergo great changes in a shoit time. But this opinion rests on do known scientific grounds. When fairly viewed, the fixedness of the colors of the stars should not seem more likely than the fixedness of their positions. Indeed the two ideas are very much alike. In ancient phrase, the stars were said to be " rivetted " to the vault of heaven. Now we know from observations more refined that many of them move, and we have a conviction, from the na- ture of attraction, that they must all move. In like manner, in a universe where every known object is subject to change in various ways, our first ideas should be that the colors of all the stars must change. Hence we should ap- proach the recorded changes with favorable judgments. If we are to have any
[March
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 57
prepossessions in the case, they should be that the changes are real in the stars themselves. And when we reflect on the habitual caution of long experienced observers, men whose very existence is devoted to the accurate delineation of fact, we should place a high reliance on their recorded observations, and not think that they have lightly allowed themselves to be imposed upon by optical illusions.
I cannot hope to be able to add anything to the knowledge of practised ob- servers respecting the sources of error and the rules to be observed in making observations ; but as these have never, that I am aware, been embodied in print, I offer the following, chiefly for the assistance of the many who may be disposed so observe the larger stars with the naked eyes. Such stars are indeed very few, but the observations may be the more useful from being made frequently and by many persons.
1. Damp and slightly hazy atmospheres make a green star appear blue. This may be from the same principle that the deep ocean, the clear sky, and the distant mountains appear blue. Damp nights that are perfectly clear do not have this effect.
2. Moonlight greatly obscures the colors of the stars, giving them a yellowish hue.
3. Before the daybreak makes its appearance in the east, the rays of the sun refracted through the higher regions of the atmosphere, may cause a general whiteness of the stars.
4. Artificial lights reaching the eye obscure the colors of the stars.
5. On account of the faintness of the light of the stars, the eye of.en requires to be fixed upon them for a considerable time before their impressions take full effect.
6. Comparisons between neighboring stars, and some practice in star ob- servations, are often necessary to decide on the real colors of the stars.
7. The atmosphere must have like effects upon similar stars in the same neighborhood. Hence a peculiarity observed in any star may be brought to a determination.
8. Observations on the same star during a considerable interval of time and through different changes of weather, may aid in giving confidence to a deter- mination.
9. Perfect independence and candor are necessary. Our previous judgments are apt to warp these dalioate impressions on the retina, and whether we have derived these judgments from ourselves or others, we must be careful to lay them completely aside. For want of doing this we may not notice a change of color, although such a change may have been before our vision.
10. Personal peculiarities of vision may be ascertained by consultation with others.
11. Discrepancies between the accounts of two observers may arise from differences of dates ; hence, in apprehension of sudden and frequent changes in the stars, the dates of observations should be carefully given. m
Description of a new Labroid Genus allied to TROCHOCOPUS Gthr.
BY THEODORE GILL.
Dr. Ayres bas indicated, under the name Labrus pulcher, a Californian representative of the family of Labroids. That species was subsequently referred by Dr. Glinther to his genus Stinicossyphus, in which it was retained by myself with the proviso that " its generic position remains to be con- firmed, although there is little doubt that it really is a Semicossyphus." Hav- ing since received, through the kindness of Dr. Cooper, a specimen of the species, I find that it has not the "lateral teeth distinct," as in Semicossyphus, but an " obtuse osseous ridge round the edge of the jaws, without distinct lateral teeth," as in Trochocopus Gthr., to which Gunther should have referred it. I am not acquainted with his reasons for considering the species closely
1864.]
58 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF
related to the type of Semicossyphus, but previously followed him, as he was acquainted with Semicossyphus and Trochocopus through autopsy, while I was not.
Genus PIMELOMETOPON Gill.
Synonymy . Labrus sp. Ayres. Semicossyphus sp. Gilnlher, Gill.
Body oblong, moderately compressed, with the caudal peduncle little oblong and not constricted: anus subcentral.
Scales generally rather small, in about fifty-five to sixty-five transverse rows; on the breast smallest: each scale is oblong, subangulated behind, little convex or truncated at base, corrugated at the centre, with numerous lines radiating backwards towards the base and sides ; and in front with generally undulated lines parallel with the sides ; exposed surface vertically rhomboid.
Lateral Hue continuous, simply tubular, parallel with the dorsal outline, little decurved backwards, and not at all deflected.
Head nearly equally long and high, with the snout elongated and decurved. Eyes submedian between the snout and opercular margin or little anterior, rather small. Cheeks covered with small scales ; larger ones on all the opercular bones, except the preoperculum, whose limbs are naked. Oper- cular bones unarmed ; suboperculum with no membranaceous extension. Nostrils minute, simple, in front of the upper portion of the eye.
Mouth little protractile, with the cleft oblique. Lips thick and plicated.
Intermaxillary and supramaxillary bones connected by arthrodial articula- tion; intermaxillaries with the ascending processes about as long as the horizontal and extending nearly to the eyes, little curved and oblong cunei- form in profile for two-thirds of their length, oblong subtrihedral behind; the horizontal limbs uniformly wide, thick but compressed, and with a pro- minent articulation behind. Supramaxillars divided into two parts ; an anterior laminar behind and within the posterior part, widening towards the front into a somewhat concave or channeled process arthrodially articulated with the outer surface of the intermaxillars, and thence recurrent in a nearly parabolic curve backwards and thence downwards to the front to articulate with the inner surface of the intermaxillars ; the posterior portion of the supramaxillars is flat and expanded backwards towards its iuferior angle, and ceases nearly under the front of the eye. Dentary rapidly increasing in height towards the angle.
Teeth on the crest of the jaws cylindro-conic and obtuse, completely iso- lated; four in front of the jaws developed as large curved blunt canines; the hindermost one in jaw above sometimes little larger than the preceding ; in others a true canine :* on the inner surface of the jaws, granular and pluriserial.
Branchiostegal rays seven (in Pimelomelopon Darivinii fide Val.
Dorsal fin wih no scales, entire, commencing rather behind the bases of the pectoral fins; typically with twelve spines and ten rays; the spinous portion nearly uniform, rather low, and with each spine enveloped in a mem- branaceous produced sheath ; the soft portion falciform, produced at its anterior portion.
Anal fin with three graduated spines, and with its soft portion opposite and similar to, that of the dorsal.
Caudal fin typically lunate and with prolonged pointed lobes.
Pectoral fins rather narrow, obliquely truncated behind.
Ventral fins inserted beneath or scarcely behind the pectoral and angulated.
D. XII. 10. A. III. 12.
Scales 58—62.
The lower pharyngeal bone is T-shaped, divided into two parts ; the body
*Is the development of a posterior canine tooth a sexual distinction in this genus?
[March
NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 59
transversely triangular, scarcely sinuous behind and uniformly high, with its ends scarcely curved backwards to its posterior facettes, which are narrow, little prominent above and separated from the dentigerous area by a con- traction ; the shaft is laminar, expanded obliquely downwards and forwards. The teeth on the body are nearly uniform, moderate, and paved, and on the crest of the shaft obtusely cylindro-conic. The upper pharyngeal bones are high, curved in front, on which is a tessellated pavement and which is nearly rectangular to the inferior surface, which is paved towards the inner side with moderate and towards the outer with minute teeth.
The gill rakers on the outer surface of the first branchial arch are short compressed, parallel with the arch, bi- or multidentate ; the others are oblique and more or less compressed at right angle to the arches.
Type Pimelometopon pulcher Gill.
This genus is very closely related to Trochocopus (Giinther), but differs in the possession of a greater number of scales and the form of the head. It is also solely represented by species found along the western coasts of America and the appertaining islands, while Trochocopus is a peculiar African type, so far as yet known.
Of the two known species of this genus, one — the type — was originally described as a Labrus by Ayres in San Francisco ; the other was first made known by Jenyns under the generic name Cossyphus and was afterwards, by Valenciennes, described as a new species of Labrus. Dr. Giinther subse- quently referred the Californian species to his genus Semicossyphus and the species of Jenyns and Valenciennes to Trochocopus; he was acquainted with neither through autopsy. Finally, the writer, following Giinther and unacquainted with either Semicossyphus or Trochocopus, retained the Cali- fornian species in the former genus.
Pimclomotopon belongs to the subfamily of Chccropinse as understood by me. It is proper to here remark that, by an evident inadvertence, the sub- family Pseudolabriformes of Bleeker was formerly* enumerated among those considered valid by myself, instead of among those requiring revision.
There are two known species of the genus Pimelometopon:
Pimelometopon pulcher Gill = Labrus pulcher Ayres — Semicossyphus pulcher Giinther, Gill.
California.
Pimelometopon Darwinii Gill = Cossyphus Darwinii Jenyns = Labrus aper Val.
Gallopagos Islands.
N. B. In anticipation of a special paper, I may here state that the Sebastes! helvomaculatus of Ayres is the true Sebastes rosaceus of Girard, (Sebastomusf ro- saceus Gill,) widely different from the Sebastodes ! rosaceus of Ayres. The latter may be named Sebaslosomus pinniger.
Note on the Nomenclature of Genera and Species of the Family ECHENEIDOIDJE.
BY THEODORE GILL.
In order to correct the nomenclature of two of the genera of the family Echeneidoidse, the following paper is submitted. I also embrace the oppor- tunity of restoring to proper rank, as the true names of peculiar species, two which have been connected with forms to which they do not truly belong.
M. Auguste Dumeril, in a "Prodrome" of a projected Monograph of the
family, (Comptes Rendus, tome 47, 1858, pp. 374 — 378,) has proposed to
distribute the species among two groups, one typified by Echeneis nnicrates,
and named Nancrates, and the other, represented by E. remora and called
Remores. Elevating these types with others to independent generic rank, I
* Proc. A. N. S. 1833, p. 221.
f Sebastosomus, n. g. Type Sebastosomus melanops = Sebastes melanops Girard.
1861.]
60
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP
1. 2. 3. 4.
have restricted Echeneis to the genus typified by E. naucrates and called that one typified by E. remora, Remora, which name Dr. Bleeker has since ac- cepted. On examining the works of Linnaeus and Artedi, I find, however, that E. rnnora was the only species referred to that genus by Linnaeus in the earlier editions of the Systema Naturae, and by Artedi ; and that in the later editions, Linnaeus placed that species at the head of the genus. The E. re- mora must consequently be regarded as the type of the genus, and a new name (Leptecheneis) conferred on E. naucrates. The genera of Echeneidoidae will then be known by the following names :
REMORSE.
Echeneis Remora L.
Echeneis L., Art. Type, Echeneis remora L. Remoropsis Gill. Type, Echeneis brachyptera Lowe. Rhombochiius Gill. Type, Echeneis osteochir Cuv.
Remilegia Gill. Type, Echeneis australis Bznnet = Echeneis scutata Giinther.
LEPTECHENEIDES.
5. Leptecheneis Gill. Type, Echeneis neucrates L.
6. Phtheirichthys Gill. Type Echeneis lineatus Menzies.
In a Synopsis given in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sci- ences of Philada., for April, 1862, (p. 239,) an analytical table is given, in which the genera are distributed as follows :
Echeneides (Echeneis = Leptecheneis, Phtheirichthys.) Remorae (Remora = Echeneis, Remilegia.)
Subsequently, (op. cit., 1863, p. 8S,) the genera Remoropsis and Rhombo- chirus weie added.
The genus Remilegia is known to me chiefly through the excellent figure accompanying Giinther's valuable account of the family in the " Annals and Magazine of Natural History," (vol. v. 1860, pp. 386—402.) On the other hand, I have enjoyed the opportunity of examining two types, — Rhombo- chirus and Phtheirichthys, — not seen by that gentleman.
While fully appreciating the great service rendered to science by Dr. Giin- ther in reducing the synonymy of the present family, and in many respects agreeing with him in his views regarding the limits of the species and their synonymy, I am compelled to differ from him, especially regarding the nomenclature of the species called by him Echeneis Holbrookii Gthr., and E. scutata Gthr., believing that both had long previously received names known, indeed, to him, but referred to species which they did not really represent.
Echeneis Holbroohi of Giinther, Cat., should have been called Echeneis albi- cauda, as it is the Echeneis albicauda of Mitohill. Mitchill's name is, indeed, in- cluded, with special emphasis, in the synonymy of Giinther's Echeneis nau- crates (Leptecheneis neucrates), but the following juxtaposition of all essential characters given by both authors will show the incorrectness of this view :
" E. naucrates." " E. Holbrookii." u E. albicauda."
Disk "(21) 22-25 (26)" " The length of the disk 4A— 4 4 in the to- tal or twice the width of the body between the pectorals." Gthr., ii. p. 384.
Width to length (= 1: 4£ — 4 | X 2) = 1 : 9
-Si '
Disk "21."
"The length of the disk is 3 4 iu the to- tal, or twice the width of the body between the pectorals." Gthr., ii. 383.
Length to width = 1 : (3 | X 2) 7 |.
Disk "21." " Length twenty inches and a half; breadth al- most three." Mitohill.
Length to width
(20i -r 3
:)6|.
[March
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 61
As Mitchill's notice of Echeneis albicauda gives a relative width, to the body even greater than that attributed by Giinther to his E. Holhrookii, and far greater than that assigned by him to E. naucrat.es, and as Echeneis albi- cauda has "twenty-one bars across the shield," also in E. Holhrookii "the number of laminas has been constantly found to be twenty-one — a number of very rare occurrence in E. naucrates," — the reasons for Giinther's insistence on the reference of Mitchill's name to E. naucrates and bestowal of a new one on his species are not evident. I cannot appreciate the force of his remark that Mitchill's " is an imaginary species," and that the name, " as is qui'e clear, was originally not intended for the fish afterwards de- scribed by Holbrook as E. lineata, but merely for specimens of E. naucrates with a white margin to the fins."
Long before the communications of Mitchill, and as early as the year 1788, a species of the genus Leptechcneis was made known by Zuiew in a special article (Eche?ieidis nova species) in the Nova Acta Academise Scientiarum Im- perialis Petropolitanae (iv. 279 — 283, tab. VI.) The species was well and elaborately described and illustrated, and was especially distinguished from E. naucrates by the much longer lower jaw and the longer disk, which nevertheless had a smaller number of lamina? (20.) The species thus intro- duced was named Echeneis neucratoides ; its habitat was unknown.
While it is thus seen that two forms with a comparatively small number of lamina? had been early made known, and that the proportions assigned to one agreed nearly with those attributed to E. Holhrookii by Giinther, it is necessary to add that none of the specimens examined by myself had so long a disk or so wide a body as the individuals noticed by Giinther, although I have had tbe opportunity of examining specimens of the genus exhibiting every gradation between eighteen and twenty-five lamina?. I shall not, how- ever, offer any decided opinion at present, but close with the assertion that DeKay's and Holbrook's specimens had not the proportions of the E. Hol- hrookii of the Acanthopterygian Fishes, but agreed with those seen by my- self. As GQnther's E. Holhrookii was entirely founded on the E. lineata of Holbrook in the first instance, that name must of course be considered as a synonym.
The Echeneis scutata of Giinther had first received a name from F. D. Ben- nett in his ' ' Narrative of a Whaling Voyage round the Globe, from the year 1833 to 1836."* In that work, Bennett gave a very recognizable description of it under the name Echeneis austrahs.\ Bennett's name has been referred by Giinther to the synonymy of Lrptecheneis neucrates, like E. albicauda, but, as will be shown, erroneously. Bennett has stated that the E. australis exceeds the E. remora — especially recognized by Giinther as that species — in size. "One individual captured, and which was by no means the largest one observed, measured one foot five inches in length, and was proportionally broad." This statement at once would render the identity of the species with E. nait'crates extremely improbable, as the latter species has an incom- parably more slender body. The further statement that the dorsal has " 21" rays, and the anal "24," completes the evidence of its difference from L. neucrates, that species having the formula D. "(21) 22 — 25 (2(3) 33—41. A 32—38," (Giinther). As Bennett's formula (" D. 21. A. 24") specially agrees with Giinther's formula of E. scutata— (" D. 27 | 22. A. 21—23"), and, as of three examples of Bennett's species, "one only had 24 stride on the buckler, the other two had 26," thus also specifically agreeing with E. scu- tata (" D. 27 | "), the identity of the two nominal species is almost certain, and Bennett's name (Remilegia australis,) as the prior one, must be accepted.
* Op.cit., vol. ii. 1840, p. 273.
t The name of Echeneis australis was first introduced into Science by Bennett, as that of anew ppecies. A Lepteclieneis — probably L. neucrates— had beca previously figured in Griffith's Cuvier under the English name ot " Australian remora," but no attempt at identification of the two was made by Bennett, and the species belong to widely distinct genera.
1864.]
62 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF
(Communicated by the Smithsonian Institution.)
Notes on the BIRDS of Jamaica.
BY W. T. MARCH.
With remarks by S F. B«rd.
III. ARDEIDJZ.
All the North American Ardeidae are to be obtained in the Island of Jamaica. The Ganlins and Bitterns are of more frequent occurrence than the larger He- rons, and are found at all seasons and in every part of the island where there is water, — at the cattle ponds, along the river courses, in the mangrove swamps, lagoons, and marshes, and in considerable numbers on tbe neighbor- ing islets and kays during the breeding season. The Ardeidae all build on trees ; the nests are platforms, constructed of sticks filled in with leaves, trash, twigs and bark, forming a shallow bedding, on which the eggs are de- posited. In the mangroves the nest is composed principally of the decaying pods of the black mangrove.
The eggs of all are emerald green, or rather, of the tint called aqua- marine, varying in shade, and in dimensions according to the size of the bird ; those of the Gaulins are four or five in number, measuring about
1 , (j by 1 jg of an inch; the typical eggs rounded at both ends, though some are pointed at one end ; a small kay off Old Harbor, known as Barebush Kay, is a favorite resort of all the Gaulins, Bitterns and Night Herons during the breeding season.
The larger Herons are not of so frequent occurrence as the Gaulins and other Ardeidae during the late spring and summer months ; but Ardea hero- dias and Herodias egretta are not uncommon during the autumn and winter ; they are, however, more difficult of approach than the smaller species, being very wary and vigilant ; their resort during the breeding season is usually to the deep recesses of the mangrove swamps and morasses. Their eggs are of similar form and color, but larger than those of the Night Heron. I have not often met with the nest of the larger Herons ; but have notes of two, — one from Salt Island Creek, Herodias egretta, containing three eggs, and the other, Ardea herodias with four eggs from the Ferry Lagoon. On both occasions the nests were taken from the topmost branches of a Corkwood (Anona palusiris). The Herons are generally in good condition from the fall of the year until the following spring, but, as with most of the fish-feeding birds, must be divested of the skin, which otherwise imparts a rank and unpleasant flavor to the flesh.
There are periods, but not of long continuance, in which the Egrets, par- ticularly the White, are seen several together, iu our marshes. The numbar may be twelve or twenty. They seem attracted by some prevalent living food on these occasions ; ordinarily they feed singly, or at most in couples, in the shaded spots of our rivers above the water shoal. There are collected at the present time (January, 1864) at a sedgy pond near Spanish Town up- wards of twenty, principally Garzetta candidissima, with a few of Herodias &gretta, Florida cccrulea and Demiegretta ludoviciana and nivea.
110. Florida csrulea. — The length of the Blue Gaulin or Florida Heron is about 22 inches, expanse 36^, flexure 11, leg 4, bill 3 ; occipital feathers lengthened, without a crest; prevailing color dark indigo blue, head and neck with a purplish tinge ; dorsal plumes lengthened ; wing feathers grey- ish beneath ; iris yellow, orbits light blue, bill leaden blue ; legs and feet black. The young are white with spots of blue about the wings and body ;
[Mar.
NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHrA. 63
iris whitish, orbits and base of the bill yellowish, bill light blue, legs drill yellowish, bill light blue, legs dull greeu.
109. Garzetta candidissima. — I find the Suowy Heron of as frequent oc- currence as the Red-Necked and Blue Gaulin. Color snowy white, with occipital and dorsal plumes loosely fibred and much lengthened. Iris yellow- ish, bill black, with the base and lower portion of the lower mandible and space round the eye yellow; legs black, feet yellow; length 26 inches, ex- panse 371, flexure 10^, leg 4, bill 3£, middle toe 3.
10S. Garzetta nivea. — Mr. Gosse's Common Gaulin has been supposed to be the immature " Florida coerulea," but I think, on careful examination and comparison, it is quite distinct, — the color is always pure white, without any blue feathers about the body or wings, or any distinct crest. The tips of the first six wing quills only are edged on both webs with greyish black. Iris pale yellow ; orbits, cheeks and legs bluish green ; bill bluish black, with the base and larger portion of the lower mandible yellow. Length 24 inches, expanse 39, flexure 10|, leg 4, bill 3£, tail 4£.
111. Demiegretta ludoviciana. — The Red-necked Egret, or Gaulin, is one of the most common. The general color of the adult above is slatey blue, the feathers tipped with reddish ; chin and a stripe down the throat and other under parts tawney white ; breast and neck red, shaded into purplish. Iris yellowish white; space round the eye fulvous; bill brownish black, lower mandible clayish yellow beneath; legs yellowish green. Length 25 \ inches, expanse 37, flexure 10}, bill and leg 4 each. The white occipital and colored dorsal plumes straight, fastigiate, the latter generally longer than the tail. The immature bird has the upper plumage reddish, mixed with blue.
Demiegretta rufa. — The Reddish Egret or Gaulin is scarce, as I have only seen two specimens ; it appears to be only an occasional visitor.
Adult. — General color greyish blue, paler beneath; head, neck and throat reddish chestnut. Dorsal plumes with